Solana RPC Optimization: Performance & Cost Best Practices

Optimizing RPC usage can significantly improve performance, reduce costs, and enhance user experience. This guide covers proven techniques for efficient Solana RPC interactions.

Quick Start

Transaction Optimization

Optimize compute units, priority fees, and transaction sending

Data Retrieval

Efficient patterns for fetching account and program data

Real-time Monitoring

WebSocket subscriptions and streaming data optimization

Best Practices

Performance guidelines and resource management

Transaction Optimization

Compute Unit Management

1. Simulate to determine actual usage:

const testTransaction = new VersionedTransaction(/* your transaction */);
const simulation = await connection.simulateTransaction(testTransaction, {
  replaceRecentBlockhash: true,
  sigVerify: false
});
const unitsConsumed = simulation.value.unitsConsumed;

2. Set appropriate limits with margin:

const computeUnitLimit = Math.ceil(unitsConsumed * 1.1);
const computeUnitIx = ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitLimit({ 
  units: computeUnitLimit 
});
instructions.unshift(computeUnitIx); // Add at beginning

Priority Fee Optimization

1. Get dynamic fee estimates:

const response = await fetch(`https://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=${API_KEY}`, {
  method: 'POST',
  headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
  body: JSON.stringify({
    method: 'getPriorityFeeEstimate',
    params: [{
      accountKeys: ['11111111111111111111111111111112'], // System Program
      options: { recommended: true }
    }]
  })
});
const { priorityFeeEstimate } = await response.json().result;

2. Apply the priority fee:

const priorityFeeIx = ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice({ 
  microLamports: priorityFeeEstimate 
});
instructions.unshift(priorityFeeIx);

Transaction Sending Best Practices

// Serialize and encode
const serializedTx = transaction.serialize();
const signature = await connection.sendRawTransaction(serializedTx, {
  skipPreflight: true, // Saves ~100ms
  maxRetries: 0 // Handle retries manually
});

Data Retrieval Optimization

Enhanced Pagination Methods (V2)

For large-scale data queries, use the new V2 methods with cursor-based pagination:

⚡ Performance Boost

getProgramAccountsV2 and getTokenAccountsByOwnerV2 provide significant performance improvements for applications dealing with large datasets:

Configurable limits: 1-10,000 accounts per request
Cursor-based pagination: Prevents timeouts on large queries
Incremental updates: Use changedSinceSlot for real-time synchronization
Better memory usage: Stream data instead of loading everything at once

Example: Efficient program account querying

// ❌ Old approach - could timeout with large datasets
const allAccounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(programId, {
  encoding: 'base64',
  filters: [{ dataSize: 165 }]
});

// ✅ New approach - paginated with better performance
let allAccounts = [];
let paginationKey = null;

do {
  const response = await fetch(`https://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=${API_KEY}`, {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    body: JSON.stringify({
      jsonrpc: '2.0',
      id: '1',
      method: 'getProgramAccountsV2',
      params: [
        programId,
        {
          encoding: 'base64',
          filters: [{ dataSize: 165 }],
          limit: 5000,
          ...(paginationKey && { paginationKey })
        }
      ]
    })
  });
  
  const data = await response.json();
  allAccounts.push(...data.result.accounts);
  paginationKey = data.result.paginationKey;
} while (paginationKey);

Incremental updates for real-time applications:

// Get only accounts modified since a specific slot
const incrementalUpdate = await fetch(`https://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=${API_KEY}`, {
  method: 'POST',
  headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
  body: JSON.stringify({
    jsonrpc: '2.0',
    id: '1',
    method: 'getProgramAccountsV2',
    params: [
      programId,
      {
        encoding: 'jsonParsed',
        limit: 1000,
        changedSinceSlot: lastProcessedSlot // Only get recent changes
      }
    ]
  })
});

Data Retrieval Optimization

Efficient Account Queries

// Use dataSlice to reduce payload size
const accountInfo = await connection.getAccountInfo(pubkey, {
  encoding: 'base64',
  dataSlice: { offset: 0, length: 100 }, // Only get needed data
  commitment: 'confirmed'
});

Token Balance Lookups

// Don't do this - requires N+1 RPC calls
const tokenAccounts = await connection.getTokenAccountsByOwner(owner, {
  programId: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
});
const balances = await Promise.all(
  tokenAccounts.value.map(acc => 
    connection.getTokenAccountBalance(acc.pubkey)
  )
);
// ~500ms + (100ms * N accounts)

Transaction History

// Avoid sequential transaction fetching
const signatures = await connection.getSignaturesForAddress(address, { limit: 100 });
const transactions = await Promise.all(
  signatures.map(sig => connection.getTransaction(sig.signature))
);
// ~1s + (200ms * 100 txs) = ~21s

Real-time Monitoring

Account Subscriptions

// Avoid polling - wastes resources
setInterval(async () => {
  const accountInfo = await connection.getAccountInfo(pubkey);
  // Process updates...
}, 1000);

Program Account Monitoring

// Monitor specific program accounts with filters
connection.onProgramAccountChange(
  programId,
  (accountInfo, context) => {
    // Handle program account changes
  },
  'confirmed',
  {
    filters: [
      { dataSize: 1024 },
      { memcmp: { offset: 0, bytes: ACCOUNT_DISCRIMINATOR }}
    ],
    encoding: 'base64'
  }
);

Transaction Monitoring

// Subscribe to transaction logs for real-time monitoring
const ws = new WebSocket(`wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=${API_KEY}`);

ws.on('open', () => {
  ws.send(JSON.stringify({
    jsonrpc: '2.0',
    id: 1,
    method: 'logsSubscribe',
    params: [
      { mentions: [programId] },
      { commitment: 'confirmed' }
    ]
  }));
});

ws.on('message', (data) => {
  const message = JSON.parse(data);
  if (message.params) {
    const signature = message.params.result.value.signature;
    // Process transaction signature
  }
});

Advanced Patterns

Smart Retry Logic

class RetryManager {
  private backoff = new ExponentialBackoff({
    min: 100,
    max: 5000,
    factor: 2,
    jitter: 0.2
  });

  async executeWithRetry<T>(operation: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
    while (true) {
      try {
        return await operation();
      } catch (error) {
        if (error.message.includes('429')) {
          // Rate limit - wait and retry
          await this.backoff.delay();
          continue;
        }
        throw error;
      }
    }
  }
}

Memory-Efficient Processing

// Process large datasets in chunks
function chunk<T>(array: T[], size: number): T[][] {
  return Array.from({ length: Math.ceil(array.length / size) }, (_, i) =>
    array.slice(i * size, i * size + size)
  );
}

// Process program accounts in batches
const allAccounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(programId, {
  dataSlice: { offset: 0, length: 32 }
});

const chunks = chunk(allAccounts, 100);
for (const batch of chunks) {
  const detailedAccounts = await connection.getMultipleAccountsInfo(
    batch.map(acc => acc.pubkey)
  );
  // Process batch...
}

Connection Pooling

class ConnectionPool {
  private connections: Connection[] = [];
  private currentIndex = 0;

  constructor(rpcUrls: string[]) {
    this.connections = rpcUrls.map(url => new Connection(url));
  }

  getConnection(): Connection {
    const connection = this.connections[this.currentIndex];
    this.currentIndex = (this.currentIndex + 1) % this.connections.length;
    return connection;
  }
}

const pool = new ConnectionPool([
  'https://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY',
  'https://mainnet-backup.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY'
]);

Performance Monitoring

Track RPC Usage

class RPCMonitor {
  private metrics = {
    calls: 0,
    errors: 0,
    totalLatency: 0
  };

  async monitoredCall<T>(operation: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
    const start = Date.now();
    this.metrics.calls++;
    
    try {
      const result = await operation();
      this.metrics.totalLatency += Date.now() - start;
      return result;
    } catch (error) {
      this.metrics.errors++;
      throw error;
    }
  }

  getStats() {
    return {
      ...this.metrics,
      averageLatency: this.metrics.totalLatency / this.metrics.calls,
      errorRate: this.metrics.errors / this.metrics.calls
    };
  }
}

Best Practices

Commitment Levels

Use for: WebSocket subscriptions, real-time updates
Latency: ~400ms
Reliability: Good for most applications

Resource Management

Error Handling

// Implement robust error handling
async function robustRPCCall<T>(operation: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
  try {
    return await operation();
  } catch (error) {
    if (error.code === -32602) {
      // Invalid params - fix request
      throw new Error('Invalid RPC parameters');
    } else if (error.code === -32005) {
      // Node behind - retry with different node
      throw new Error('Node synchronization issue');
    } else if (error.message.includes('429')) {
      // Rate limit - implement backoff
      throw new Error('Rate limited');
    }
    throw error;
  }
}

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

Avoid these common mistakes:

Polling instead of using WebSocket subscriptions
Fetching full account data when only partial data is needed
Not using batch operations for multiple queries
Ignoring rate limits and not implementing proper retry logic
Using finalized commitment when confirmed is sufficient
Not closing subscriptions, leading to memory leaks

Summary

By implementing these optimization techniques, you can achieve:

60-90% reduction in API call volume
Significantly lower latency for real-time operations
Reduced bandwidth usage through targeted queries
Better error resilience with smart retry logic
Lower operational costs through efficient resource usage

Next Steps

Ready to implement these optimizations? Check out our Transaction Optimization Guide for transaction-specific best practices.

Get Started

Solana RPC Nodes

Data Streaming & Event Listening

How to Send Transactions

Getting Data

Dedicated Nodes

Compression

Staking

Billing

Resources

​Quick Start

Transaction Optimization

Data Retrieval

Real-time Monitoring

Best Practices

​Transaction Optimization

​Compute Unit Management

​Priority Fee Optimization

​Transaction Sending Best Practices

​Data Retrieval Optimization

​Enhanced Pagination Methods (V2)

⚡ Performance Boost

​Data Retrieval Optimization

​Efficient Account Queries

​Token Balance Lookups

​Transaction History

​Real-time Monitoring

​Account Subscriptions

​Program Account Monitoring

​Transaction Monitoring

​Advanced Patterns

​Smart Retry Logic

​Memory-Efficient Processing

​Connection Pooling

​Performance Monitoring

​Track RPC Usage

​Best Practices

​Commitment Levels

​Resource Management

​Error Handling

​Common Pitfalls to Avoid

​Summary

Next Steps

Quick Start

Transaction Optimization

Compute Unit Management

Priority Fee Optimization

Transaction Sending Best Practices

Data Retrieval Optimization

Enhanced Pagination Methods (V2)

Data Retrieval Optimization

Efficient Account Queries

Token Balance Lookups

Transaction History

Real-time Monitoring

Account Subscriptions

Program Account Monitoring

Transaction Monitoring

Advanced Patterns

Smart Retry Logic

Memory-Efficient Processing

Connection Pooling

Performance Monitoring

Track RPC Usage

Best Practices

Commitment Levels

Resource Management

Error Handling

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

Summary