Solana 优先费用估算：账户密钥方法

高级方法：使用账户密钥获取优先费用估算，适用于交易前分析、批量操作和账户模式研究等特殊用例。

概述

当您需要快速费用估算或在构建完整交易之前估算费用时，账户密钥方法提供了一种比交易序列化更简单的替代方案。

高级用例

交易前分析
批量账户操作
市场研究和模式
专用架构

权衡

准确性低于序列化交易
无指令特定分析
最适合账户级模式

建议：对于大多数应用程序，请使用序列化交易方法。此账户密钥方法适用于需要账户级分析或交易前规划的特殊用例。

何时使用账户密钥

理想用例
特殊场景

交易前规划

在构建完整交易之前获取费用估算

简化集成

当您的架构使交易序列化变得困难时

快速市场分析

分析特定账户的费用模式而无需构建交易

多账户分析

独立了解多个账户的费用模式

快速开始

识别账户

确定哪些账户将参与您的交易

调用API

使用账户密钥和所需的优先级别发出请求

应用费用

使用估算来设置交易中的优先费用

基本示例

import { ComputeBudgetProgram } from "@solana/web3.js";

// 1. Identify accounts involved in your transaction
const accountKeys = [
  "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA", // Token program
  "YOUR_WALLET_ADDRESS",                          // Your wallet
  "RECIPIENT_ADDRESS"                             // Recipient
];

// 2. Get priority fee estimate
const priorityFee = await getPriorityFeeEstimate(connection, accountKeys, "Medium");

// 3. Add to your transaction
const priorityFeeIx = ComputeBudgetProgram.setComputeUnitPrice({
  microLamports: priorityFee
});
transaction.add(priorityFeeIx);

实施指南

核心功能

这是一个用于获取优先费用估算的可重用函数：

async function getPriorityFeeEstimate(connection, accountKeys, priorityLevel = "Medium") {
  const response = await fetch(connection.rpcEndpoint, {
    method: "POST",
    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
    body: JSON.stringify({
      jsonrpc: "2.0",
      id: "1",
      method: "getPriorityFeeEstimate",
      params: [{
        accountKeys: accountKeys,
        options: { 
          priorityLevel: priorityLevel,
          recommended: true 
        }
      }]
    })
  });
  
  const result = await response.json();
  
  if (result.error) {
    throw new Error(`Fee estimation failed: ${JSON.stringify(result.error)}`);
  }
  
  return result.result.priorityFeeEstimate;
}

具有多个优先级别的完整示例

展开以查看完整实现

const { 
  Connection, 
  PublicKey, 
  Transaction, 
  ComputeBudgetProgram 
} = require("@solana/web3.js");

// Initialize connection
const connection = new Connection("https://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY");

async function analyzeAccountPriorityFees() {
  // Define accounts involved in your transaction
  const accountKeys = [
    "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA", // Token program
    "YOUR_WALLET_ADDRESS",                          // Your wallet
    "TOKEN_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS",                        // Token account
    "RECIPIENT_ADDRESS"                             // Recipient
  ];
  
  try {
    // Get estimates for different priority levels
    const [lowFee, mediumFee, highFee, veryHighFee] = await Promise.all([
      getPriorityFeeEstimate(connection, accountKeys, "Low"),
      getPriorityFeeEstimate(connection, accountKeys, "Medium"), 
      getPriorityFeeEstimate(connection, accountKeys, "High"),
      getPriorityFeeEstimate(connection, accountKeys, "VeryHigh")
    ]);
    
    console.log("Priority Fee Estimates:");
    console.log(`Low:      ${lowFee} micro-lamports`);
    console.log(`Medium:   ${mediumFee} micro-lamports`);
    console.log(`High:     ${highFee} micro-lamports`);
    console.log(`VeryHigh: ${veryHighFee} micro-lamports`);
    
    // Get all levels at once for comparison
    const allLevels = await getAllPriorityLevels(connection, accountKeys);
    console.log("\nAll priority levels:", allLevels);
    
    return {
      low: lowFee,
      medium: mediumFee,
      high: highFee,
      veryHigh: veryHighFee,
      allLevels
    };
  } catch (error) {
    console.error("Error getting priority fees:", error);
    throw error;
  }
}

// Helper function to get all priority levels
async function getAllPriorityLevels(connection, accountKeys) {
  const response = await fetch(connection.rpcEndpoint, {
    method: "POST",
    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
    body: JSON.stringify({
      jsonrpc: "2.0",
      id: "1",
      method: "getPriorityFeeEstimate",
      params: [{
        accountKeys: accountKeys,
        options: { 
          includeAllPriorityFeeLevels: true
        }
      }]
    })
  });
  
  const result = await response.json();
  
  if (result.error) {
    throw new Error(`Fee estimation failed: ${JSON.stringify(result.error)}`);
  }
  
  return result.result.priorityFeeLevels;
}

// Run the analysis
analyzeAccountPriorityFees();

账户类型与策略

程序账户
用户钱包
代币账户

高交易量的程序账户通常由于竞争而显示更高的优先费用。

// Popular program accounts
const programAccounts = [
  "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA", // Token program
  "ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL", // Associated token program
  "M2mx93ekt1fmXSVkTrUL9xVFHkmME8HTUi5Cyc5aF7K"  // Metaplex program
];

const programFees = await getPriorityFeeEstimate(connection, programAccounts, "Medium");
console.log(`Program account fees: ${programFees} micro-lamports`);

预期行为：由于高交易量和竞争导致更高的费用。

高级配置选项

空槽评估

evaluateEmptySlotAsZero 选项对于基于账户的估算特别有用：

async function compareEmptySlotHandling(accountKeys) {
  const withEmptyAsZero = await fetch(connection.rpcEndpoint, {
    method: "POST",
    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
    body: JSON.stringify({
      jsonrpc: "2.0",
      id: "1",
      method: "getPriorityFeeEstimate",
      params: [{
        accountKeys: accountKeys,
        options: { 
          priorityLevel: "Medium",
          evaluateEmptySlotAsZero: true // Default: true
        }
      }]
    })
  });

  const withoutEmptyAsZero = await fetch(connection.rpcEndpoint, {
    method: "POST", 
    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
    body: JSON.stringify({
      jsonrpc: "2.0",
      id: "1",
      method: "getPriorityFeeEstimate", 
      params: [{
        accountKeys: accountKeys,
        options: {
          priorityLevel: "Medium",
          evaluateEmptySlotAsZero: false
        }
      }]
    })
  });
  
  const result1 = await withEmptyAsZero.json();
  const result2 = await withoutEmptyAsZero.json();
  
  console.log(`With empty as zero: ${result1.result.priorityFeeEstimate}`);
  console.log(`Without empty as zero: ${result2.result.priorityFeeEstimate}`);
}

当 true （默认）时，没有交易的槽位被视为零费用而不是被排除。这为活动稀少的账户提供了更平衡的估算。

包含详细信息

请求有关每个账户费用模式的详细信息：

async function getDetailedFeeEstimate(connection, accountKeys) {
  const response = await fetch(connection.rpcEndpoint, {
    method: "POST",
    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
    body: JSON.stringify({
      jsonrpc: "2.0",
      id: "1",
      method: "getPriorityFeeEstimate",
      params: [{
        accountKeys: accountKeys,
        options: { 
          includeDetails: true,
          priorityLevel: "Medium"
        }
      }]
    })
  });
  
  const result = await response.json();
  console.log("Detailed fee analysis:", result.result);
  return result.result;
}

这将返回有关如何为每个账户计算费用的附加信息。

自定义回溯期

调整用于费用估算的槽位数量：

async function getCustomLookbackEstimate(accountKeys, lookbackSlots = 50) {
  const response = await fetch(connection.rpcEndpoint, {
    method: "POST",
    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
    body: JSON.stringify({
      jsonrpc: "2.0",
      id: "1",
      method: "getPriorityFeeEstimate",
      params: [{
        accountKeys: accountKeys,
        options: { 
          priorityLevel: "Medium",
          lookbackSlots: lookbackSlots  // 1-150, default is 150
        }
      }]
    })
  });
  
  const result = await response.json();
  return result.result.priorityFeeEstimate;
}

// Compare different lookback periods
const shortTerm = await getCustomLookbackEstimate(accountKeys, 50);   // Recent trends
const longTerm = await getCustomLookbackEstimate(accountKeys, 150);   // Historical average

console.log(`Short-term estimate: ${shortTerm} micro-lamports`);
console.log(`Long-term estimate: ${longTerm} micro-lamports`);

较小的回溯期：更近期，可能波动的数据较大的回溯期：更稳定的历史背景

账户选择的最佳实践

包含可写账户

优先级：关注将被修改的账户

const writableAccounts = [
  "YOUR_WALLET",        // Paying fees
  "TOKEN_ACCOUNT",      // Being modified  
  "RECIPIENT_ACCOUNT"   // Receiving tokens
];

添加关键程序

背景：包含相关的程序账户

const programAccounts = [
  "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA", // Token program
  "CUSTOM_PROGRAM_ID"                           // Your program
];

错误处理与回退

class AccountBasedFeeEstimator {
  constructor(connection) {
    this.connection = connection;
    this.fallbackFee = 10000; // 10k micro-lamports fallback
  }

  async getEstimate(accountKeys, priorityLevel = "Medium") {
    try {
      // Primary attempt
      const estimate = await this.getPrimaryEstimate(accountKeys, priorityLevel);
      return estimate;
    } catch (error) {
      console.warn("Primary estimate failed:", error.message);
      
      // Fallback to different configuration
      try {
        return await this.getFallbackEstimate(accountKeys, priorityLevel);
      } catch (fallbackError) {
        console.warn("Fallback estimate failed:", fallbackError.message);
        return this.fallbackFee;
      }
    }
  }

  async getPrimaryEstimate(accountKeys, priorityLevel) {
    const response = await fetch(this.connection.rpcEndpoint, {
      method: "POST",
      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
      body: JSON.stringify({
        jsonrpc: "2.0",
        id: "1",
        method: "getPriorityFeeEstimate",
        params: [{
          accountKeys: accountKeys,
          options: { 
            priorityLevel: priorityLevel,
            recommended: true 
          }
        }]
      })
    });

    const result = await response.json();
    if (result.error) {
      throw new Error(result.error.message);
    }
    
    return result.result.priorityFeeEstimate;
  }

  async getFallbackEstimate(accountKeys, priorityLevel) {
    // Try with fewer accounts or different settings
    const coreAccounts = accountKeys.slice(0, 3); // Take first 3 accounts
    
    const response = await fetch(this.connection.rpcEndpoint, {
      method: "POST",
      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
      body: JSON.stringify({
        jsonrpc: "2.0",
        id: "1",
        method: "getPriorityFeeEstimate",
        params: [{
          accountKeys: coreAccounts,
          options: { 
            priorityLevel: "Medium", // Use medium as fallback
            evaluateEmptySlotAsZero: true
          }
        }]
      })
    });

    const result = await response.json();
    if (result.error) {
      throw new Error(result.error.message);
    }
    
    return result.result.priorityFeeEstimate;
  }
}

// Usage
const estimator = new AccountBasedFeeEstimator(connection);
const fee = await estimator.getEstimate(accountKeys, "High");

限制与注意事项

基于账户的方法限制：

对只读账户的准确性较低 - 算法侧重于可写账户
无指令特定分析 - 无法考虑特定操作
账户活动依赖性 - 对于不活跃账户准确性较低
不考虑交易大小 - 不考虑交易复杂性

何时升级到序列化交易：

需要最高准确性的生产应用
包含多个指令的复杂交易
当指令特定的费用模式很重要时
性能关键的应用

Serialized Transactions

使用完整交易序列化的更准确方法

API Reference

完整的API文档和参数

开始使用

Solana RPC 节点

数据流和事件监听

如何发送交易

获取数据

专用节点

压缩

质押

计费

资源

Solana 优先费用估算：账户密钥方法

概述

高级用例

权衡

何时使用账户密钥

交易前规划

简化集成

快速市场分析

多账户分析

快速开始

基本示例

实施指南

核心功能

具有多个优先级别的完整示例

账户类型与策略

高级配置选项

账户选择的最佳实践

包含可写账户

添加关键程序

错误处理与回退

限制与注意事项

相关资源

Serialized Transactions

API Reference

开始使用

Solana RPC 节点

数据流和事件监听

如何发送交易

获取数据

专用节点

压缩

质押

计费

资源

​概述

高级用例

权衡

​何时使用账户密钥

交易前规划

简化集成

快速市场分析

多账户分析

​快速开始

​基本示例

​实施指南

​核心功能

​具有多个优先级别的完整示例

​账户类型与策略

​高级配置选项

​账户选择的最佳实践

包含可写账户

添加关键程序

​错误处理与回退

​限制与注意事项

​相关资源

Serialized Transactions

API Reference

概述

何时使用账户密钥

快速开始

基本示例

实施指南

核心功能

具有多个优先级别的完整示例

账户类型与策略

高级配置选项

账户选择的最佳实践

错误处理与回退

限制与注意事项

相关资源