交易监控 - Helius LaserStream

交易监控让您能够实时跟踪Solana上的交易执行、成功/失败状态、程序交互和代币余额变化。本指南涵盖过滤策略和使用helius-laserstream SDK的实际实现。

**先决条件：**本指南假定您已完成LaserStream gRPC 快速入门并拥有API密钥。

交易过滤选项

LaserStream 使用与 Yellowstone gRPC 相同的过滤器形状，包括 tokenAccounts (ATA 扩展) 过滤器。您将在 transactions.<label> 内设置的字段：

accountInclude — 当这些账户中的任意一个出现时匹配（逻辑 OR）
accountRequired — 仅当所有这些账户都出现时匹配（逻辑 AND）
accountExclude — 当这些账户中的任意一个出现时丢弃
vote / failed — 分别用于投票交易和失败交易的布尔标志
tokenAccounts — 选择启用关联代币账户 (ATA) 扩展（"balanceChanged"、"all" 或 "none"），使 accountInclude 中的钱包也能匹配该钱包拥有 SPL 代币余额的交易。请参阅代币账户 (ATA) 过滤以及下方的 Watching a Wallet 选项卡。
matchMints — 选择启用的标志，还会将账户列表与交易前后代币余额中的铸币地址进行匹配。因此，accountInclude 中的铸币地址可以捕获该代币的每笔转账、兑换、铸造和销毁交易。请参阅代币铸币地址过滤以及下方的 Watching a Token 选项卡。

程序过滤
账户特定
高级过滤
Watching a Wallet
Watching a Token

监控涉及特定程序的交易跟踪所有接触您关心的程序的交易：

import { subscribe, CommitmentLevel, LaserstreamConfig, SubscribeRequest } from 'helius-laserstream';

const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
  transactions: {
    "program-filter": {
      accountInclude: [
        "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA", // Token Program
        "11111111111111111111111111111111",              // System Program
        "675kPX9MHTjS2zt1qfr1NYHuzeLXfQM9H24wFSUt1Mp8"  // Your program
      ],
      accountExclude: [],
      accountRequired: [],
      vote: false,
      failed: false
    }
  },
  commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
  accounts: {},
  slots: {},
  transactionsStatus: {},
  blocks: {},
  blocksMeta: {},
  entry: {},
  accountsDataSlice: [],
};

最佳用于： 程序特定监控、DeFi 协议跟踪、智能合约交互。

监控影响特定账户的交易

const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
  transactions: {
    "wallet-filter": {
      accountInclude: [
        "EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v", // USDC mint
        "YourWalletAddress"                                // Your wallet
      ],
      accountExclude: [],
      accountRequired: [],
      vote: false,
      failed: true // Include failures to track errors
    }
  },
  commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
  accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
  blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
};

用例： 钱包监控、代币铸造跟踪、账户活动仪表板。

结合多种过滤标准

const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
  transactions: {
    "advanced-filter": {
      accountInclude: ["TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA"],
      accountRequired: ["YourProgramId"], // Must include this program
      accountExclude: ["VoteProgram"],     // Exclude vote-related txs
      vote: false,
      failed: false
    }
  },
  commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
  accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
  blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
};

过滤逻辑： accountInclude (OR) AND accountRequired (AND) AND NOT accountExclude。

捕捉传入的代币转移，而不仅仅是直接活动accountInclude 仅匹配钱包直接出现在账户密钥中的交易。当有人向钱包发送 SPL 代币时，该转移涉及钱包的 关联代币账户 (ATA)，而不是钱包的公钥——因此一个简单的 accountInclude: [wallet] 从未察觉到它。设置 tokenAccounts 以扩展到交易中钱包拥有代币余额的匹配。它接受一个字符串：

"balanceChanged" — 当拥有的代币余额更改（或其代币账户关闭）时匹配。最适合“告诉我什么时候钱实际上移动”——更狭窄，低体积，推荐默认。
"all" — 匹配任何引用拥有代币余额的交易，即使未更改。显著增加交易量。
"none" — 无扩展（与省略该字段相同）。

const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
  transactions: {
    "wallet-with-tokens": {
      accountInclude: ["YourWalletAddress"],
      accountExclude: [],
      accountRequired: [],
      vote: false,
      failed: false,
      tokenAccounts: "balanceChanged" // also match the wallet's ATAs
    }
  },
  commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
  accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
  blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
};

匹配基于所有者进行，它会捕获钱包拥有的任何代币账户（包括非规范账户），而不仅仅是派生的 ATA 地址。SDK 会为你将字符串转换为线路级 TokenAccountExpansionControlFlag 枚举。

捕获某个铸币地址的每笔交易，而不仅仅是明确包含该地址的交易普通的 accountInclude: [mint] 仅匹配账户密钥中包含铸币地址的交易，例如 MintTo、Burn 或 TransferChecked。经典的 SPL Transfer 从不引用铸币地址，因此会遗漏该代币的大多数转账。设置 matchMints: true 后，还会将账户列表与交易的 preTokenBalances 和 postTokenBalances 中的铸币地址进行匹配：

const USDC = 'EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v';

const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
  transactions: {
    "usdc-activity": {
      accountInclude: [USDC],
      accountExclude: [],
      accountRequired: [],
      vote: false,
      failed: false,
      matchMints: true // also match via pre/post token-balance mints
    }
  },
  commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
  accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
  blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
};

将它与 tokenAccounts 结合使用，可为一个钱包监控一种代币：将钱包放入 accountInclude 并设置 tokenAccounts: "balanceChanged"，同时将铸币地址放入 accountRequired 并设置 matchMints: true。需要 helius-laserstream 0.8.5+ (JS)、0.6.4+ (Rust) 或 go/v0.3.0+ (Go)。有关完整语义，请参阅代币铸币地址过滤。

实用示例

示例 1：监控 DEX 交易

跟踪涉及热门 DEX 程序的交易：

import { subscribe, CommitmentLevel, LaserstreamConfig, SubscribeRequest } from 'helius-laserstream';
import bs58 from 'bs58';

async function monitorDEXTransactions() {
  const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
    transactions: {
      "dex-filter": {
        accountInclude: [
          "675kPX9MHTjS2zt1qfr1NYHuzeLXfQM9H24wFSUt1Mp8", // Raydium
          "CAMMCzo5YL8w4VFF8KVHrK22GGUsp5VTaW7grrKgrWqK", // Raydium CLMM
          "JUP6LkbZbjS1jKKwapdHNy74zcZ3tLUZoi5QNyVTaV4"   // Jupiter
        ],
        accountExclude: [],
        accountRequired: [],
        vote: false,
        failed: false
      }
    },
    commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
    accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
    blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
  };

  const config: LaserstreamConfig = {
    apiKey: 'YOUR_API_KEY',
    endpoint: 'https://laserstream-mainnet-ewr.helius-rpc.com', // Choose your closest region
  };

  await subscribe(config, subscriptionRequest, async (data) => {
    if (!data.transaction?.transaction) return;
    const tx = data.transaction.transaction;
    console.log(`\n🔄 DEX Transaction:`);
    console.log(`  Signature: ${bs58.encode(tx.signature)}`);
    console.log(`  Slot: ${data.transaction.slot}`);
    console.log(`  Status: ${tx.meta?.err ? 'Failed' : 'Success'}`);
    console.log(`  Fee: ${tx.meta?.fee || 0} lamports`);
    console.log(`  Compute Units: ${tx.meta?.computeUnitsConsumed || 0}`);

    // Token balance changes
    if (tx.meta?.preTokenBalances?.length > 0) {
      console.log(`  Token Balance Changes:`);
      tx.meta.preTokenBalances.forEach((preBalance: any, index: number) => {
        const postBalance = tx.meta.postTokenBalances[index];
        if (preBalance && postBalance) {
          const change = postBalance.uiTokenAmount.uiAmount - preBalance.uiTokenAmount.uiAmount;
          if (change !== 0) {
            console.log(`    ${preBalance.mint}: ${change > 0 ? '+' : ''}${change}`);
          }
        }
      });
    }
  }, async (error) => {
    console.error('Stream error:', error);
  });
}

monitorDEXTransactions().catch(console.error);

示例 2：监控失败交易

跟踪失败交易以发现应用程序问题：

async function monitorFailedTransactions() {
  const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
    transactions: {
      "failures": {
        accountInclude: ["YourProgramId"],
        accountExclude: [],
        accountRequired: [],
        vote: false,
        failed: true // Only failed transactions
      }
    },
    commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
    accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
    blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
  };

  const config: LaserstreamConfig = {
    apiKey: 'YOUR_API_KEY',
    endpoint: 'https://laserstream-mainnet-ewr.helius-rpc.com',
  };

  await subscribe(config, subscriptionRequest, async (data) => {
    if (!data.transaction?.transaction?.meta?.err) return;
    const tx = data.transaction.transaction;
    console.log(`\n❌ Failed Transaction:`);
    console.log(`  Signature: ${bs58.encode(tx.signature)}`);
    console.log(`  Slot: ${data.transaction.slot}`);
    console.log(`  Error: ${JSON.stringify(tx.meta.err)}`);
    console.log(`  Fee: ${tx.meta.fee} lamports`);
    console.log(`  Compute Units: ${tx.meta.computeUnitsConsumed || 0}`);
  }, async (error) => {
    console.error('Stream error:', error);
  });
}

示例 3：监控高价值交易

跟踪包含大额 SOL 转账的交易：

async function monitorHighValueTransactions() {
  const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
    transactions: {
      "system-program": {
        accountInclude: ["11111111111111111111111111111111"],
        accountExclude: [],
        accountRequired: [],
        vote: false,
        failed: false
      }
    },
    commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
    accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
    blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
  };

  const config: LaserstreamConfig = {
    apiKey: 'YOUR_API_KEY',
    endpoint: 'https://laserstream-mainnet-ewr.helius-rpc.com',
  };

  await subscribe(config, subscriptionRequest, async (data) => {
    if (!data.transaction?.transaction?.meta) return;
    const tx = data.transaction.transaction;
    const preBalances = tx.meta.preBalances || [];
    const postBalances = tx.meta.postBalances || [];

    let maxChange = 0;
    preBalances.forEach((preBalance: number, index: number) => {
      const postBalance = postBalances[index] || 0;
      maxChange = Math.max(maxChange, Math.abs(postBalance - preBalance));
    });

    const changeInSOL = maxChange / 1e9;
    if (changeInSOL > 10) {
      console.log(`\n💰 High-Value Transaction:`);
      console.log(`  Signature: ${bs58.encode(tx.signature)}`);
      console.log(`  Slot: ${data.transaction.slot}`);
      console.log(`  Max SOL Transfer: ${changeInSOL.toFixed(2)} SOL`);
      console.log(`  Fee: ${tx.meta.fee / 1e9} SOL`);
    }
  }, async (error) => {
    console.error('Stream error:', error);
  });
}

示例 4：监控钱包（包括代币转账）

通过向普通的 accountInclude 过滤器添加 tokenAccounts，监控某个钱包涉及资金变动的所有交易，包括涉及其 ATA 的传入 SPL 代币转账：

import { subscribe, CommitmentLevel, LaserstreamConfig, SubscribeRequest } from 'helius-laserstream';
import bs58 from 'bs58';

async function watchWallet(wallet: string) {
  const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
    transactions: {
      "wallet-activity": {
        accountInclude: [wallet],
        accountExclude: [],
        accountRequired: [],
        vote: false,
        failed: false,
        // Also match txs touching token accounts this wallet owns.
        // "balanceChanged" = only when an owned token balance actually moved.
        tokenAccounts: "balanceChanged"
      }
    },
    commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
    accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
    blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
  };

  const config: LaserstreamConfig = {
    apiKey: 'YOUR_API_KEY',
    endpoint: 'https://laserstream-mainnet-ewr.helius-rpc.com',
  };

  await subscribe(config, subscriptionRequest, async (data) => {
    if (!data.transaction?.transaction) return;
    const tx = data.transaction.transaction;
    console.log(`\n👛 Wallet activity:`);
    console.log(`  Signature: ${bs58.encode(tx.signature)}`);
    console.log(`  Slot: ${data.transaction.slot}`);

    // Surface token balances this wallet owns that changed in the tx
    const owned = (tx.meta?.postTokenBalances || []).filter((b: any) => b.owner === wallet);
    owned.forEach((post: any) => {
      const pre = (tx.meta.preTokenBalances || []).find(
        (b: any) => b.accountIndex === post.accountIndex
      );
      const before = pre?.uiTokenAmount?.uiAmount || 0;
      const after = post.uiTokenAmount?.uiAmount || 0;
      if (after !== before) {
        console.log(`  ${post.mint}: ${after - before > 0 ? '+' : ''}${after - before}`);
      }
    });
  }, async (error) => {
    console.error('Stream error:', error);
  });
}

交易数据结构

Transaction Message Structure

{
  signature: string;
  isVote: boolean;
  transaction: {
    message: {
      accountKeys: string[];        // All accounts involved
      instructions: Instruction[];  // Program instructions
      recentBlockhash: string;
    };
    signatures: string[];
  };
  meta: {
    err: any;                      // Error details if failed
    fee: number;                   // Transaction fee in lamports
    computeUnitsConsumed: number;
    preBalances: number[];
    postBalances: number[];
    preTokenBalances: TokenBalance[];
    postTokenBalances: TokenBalance[];
    logMessages: string[];
  };
}

Token Balance Changes

{
  accountIndex: number;
  mint: string;
  owner: string;
  uiTokenAmount: {
    amount: string;
    decimals: number;
    uiAmount: number;
    uiAmountString: string;
  };
}

Instruction Details

{
  programIdIndex: number; // Index in accountKeys array
  accounts: number[];
  data: string;           // Instruction data (base58)
}

过滤逻辑参考

Include Logic (OR)

accountInclude： 交易必须涉及这些账户中的任意一个。["A", "B"] 匹配涉及账户 A 或账户 B 的交易。

Required Logic (AND)

accountRequired： 交易必须涉及所有这些账户。["A", "B"] 匹配同时涉及账户 A 和账户 B 的交易。

Exclude Logic (NOT)

accountExclude： 交易不得涉及这些账户中的任何一个。

Combined Logic

最终过滤器：(accountInclude OR empty) AND (accountRequired AND all) AND NOT (accountExclude OR any)。

性能注意事项

Volume Management
Data Processing

交易流的数据量可能很大。要跟上处理速度：

从特定的程序过滤器开始（不要订阅“所有交易”）
如果可以接受约 1.5 秒的额外延迟，请使用 confirmed 而不是 processed
使用计数器监控处理能力
考虑在队列后运行并行消费者

let count = 0;
const startTime = Date.now();
// inside your subscribe handler:
count++;
if (count % 100 === 0) {
  const elapsed = (Date.now() - startTime) / 1000;
  console.log(`Processing ${(count / elapsed).toFixed(1)} tx/sec`);
}

仅提取所需数据以降低内存占用：

import bs58 from 'bs58';

function extractTransactionData(tx: any) {
  return {
    signature: bs58.encode(tx.signature),
    slot: tx.slot,
    success: !tx.meta?.err,
    fee: tx.meta?.fee || 0,
    computeUnits: tx.meta?.computeUnitsConsumed || 0,
  };
}

错误处理

Too Many Transactions

症状： 交易量过大。解决方案： 添加更严格的过滤器（accountRequired、accountExclude）；使用更高的确认级别；实现采样或速率限制；进行异步处理。

Missing Transactions

症状： 预期的交易未出现。解决方案： 验证程序地址是否正确；检查交易是否确实存在；尝试使用 processed 以更快获取更新；放宽限制严格的 accountRequired/accountExclude 过滤器。

Parse Errors

症状： 无法解析交易数据。解决方案： 妥善处理缺失字段；处理前验证结构；使用 try/catch 封装解析逻辑；请参阅解码交易数据。

后续步骤

Slot & Block Monitoring

跟踪网络共识和区块生成。

Stream Pump AMM Data

实际示例：监控 Pump.fun AMM 交易。

Decoding Transaction Data

将二进制交易有效载荷解析为可读的 Solana 交易。

Yellowstone protocol reference

针对原始 Yellowstone gRPC 协议执行相同的工作流。

从这里开始

实时数据

低延迟交易

历史数据与钱包数据

RPC 方法指南

生产环境就绪

使用 Orb

其他操作指南

使用LaserStream进行交易监控

交易过滤选项

实用示例

示例 1：监控 DEX 交易

示例 2：监控失败交易

示例 3：监控高价值交易

示例 4：监控钱包（包括代币转账）

交易数据结构

过滤逻辑参考

Include Logic (OR)

Required Logic (AND)

Exclude Logic (NOT)

Combined Logic

性能注意事项

错误处理

后续步骤

Slot & Block Monitoring

Stream Pump AMM Data

Decoding Transaction Data

Yellowstone protocol reference

​交易过滤选项

​实用示例

​示例 1：监控 DEX 交易

​示例 2：监控失败交易

​示例 3：监控高价值交易

​示例 4：监控钱包（包括代币转账）

​交易数据结构

​过滤逻辑参考

Include Logic (OR)

Required Logic (AND)

Exclude Logic (NOT)

Combined Logic

​性能注意事项

​错误处理

​后续步骤

Slot & Block Monitoring

Stream Pump AMM Data

Decoding Transaction Data

Yellowstone protocol reference

交易过滤选项

实用示例

示例 1：监控 DEX 交易

示例 2：监控失败交易

示例 3：监控高价值交易

示例 4：监控钱包（包括代币转账）

交易数据结构

过滤逻辑参考

性能注意事项

错误处理

后续步骤