交易监控 - Helius LaserStream

交易监控让您能够实时跟踪Solana上的交易执行、成功/失败状态、程序交互和代币余额变化。本指南涵盖过滤策略和使用helius-laserstream SDK的实际实现。

**先决条件：**本指南假定您已完成LaserStream gRPC 快速入门并拥有API密钥。

交易过滤选项

LaserStream使用与Yellowstone gRPC相同的过滤形态。您将在transactions.<label>中设置的四个关键字段：

accountInclude — 匹配如果这些账户中的任何一个出现（逻辑或）
accountRequired — 仅当所有这些账户出现时匹配（逻辑与）
accountExclude — 如果这些账户中的任何一个出现则丢弃
vote / failed — 用于投票和失败交易的布尔标志

程序过滤
账户特定
高级过滤

监控涉及特定程序的交易跟踪所有接触您关心的程序的交易：

import { subscribe, CommitmentLevel, LaserstreamConfig, SubscribeRequest } from 'helius-laserstream';

const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
  transactions: {
    "program-filter": {
      accountInclude: [
        "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA", // Token Program
        "11111111111111111111111111111111",              // System Program
        "675kPX9MHTjS2zt1qfr1NYHuzeLXfQM9H24wFSUt1Mp8"  // Your program
      ],
      accountExclude: [],
      accountRequired: [],
      vote: false,
      failed: false
    }
  },
  commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
  accounts: {},
  slots: {},
  transactionsStatus: {},
  blocks: {},
  blocksMeta: {},
  entry: {},
  accountsDataSlice: [],
};

**最佳用途：**程序特定监控、DeFi协议跟踪、智能合约交互。

监控影响特定账户的交易

const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
  transactions: {
    "wallet-filter": {
      accountInclude: [
        "EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v", // USDC mint
        "YourWalletAddress"                                // Your wallet
      ],
      accountExclude: [],
      accountRequired: [],
      vote: false,
      failed: true // Include failures to track errors
    }
  },
  commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
  accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
  blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
};

**用例：**钱包监控、代币铸造跟踪、账户活动仪表板。

结合多种过滤标准

const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
  transactions: {
    "advanced-filter": {
      accountInclude: ["TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA"],
      accountRequired: ["YourProgramId"], // Must include this program
      accountExclude: ["VoteProgram"],     // Exclude vote-related txs
      vote: false,
      failed: false
    }
  },
  commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
  accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
  blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
};

过滤逻辑：accountInclude (或) 与 accountRequired (与) 且非 accountExclude。

实用示例

示例1：监控DEX交易

跟踪接触流行DEX程序的交易：

import { subscribe, CommitmentLevel, LaserstreamConfig, SubscribeRequest } from 'helius-laserstream';
import bs58 from 'bs58';

async function monitorDEXTransactions() {
  const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
    transactions: {
      "dex-filter": {
        accountInclude: [
          "675kPX9MHTjS2zt1qfr1NYHuzeLXfQM9H24wFSUt1Mp8", // Raydium
          "CAMMCzo5YL8w4VFF8KVHrK22GGUsp5VTaW7grrKgrWqK", // Raydium CLMM
          "JUP6LkbZbjS1jKKwapdHNy74zcZ3tLUZoi5QNyVTaV4"   // Jupiter
        ],
        accountExclude: [],
        accountRequired: [],
        vote: false,
        failed: false
      }
    },
    commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
    accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
    blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
  };

  const config: LaserstreamConfig = {
    apiKey: 'YOUR_API_KEY',
    endpoint: 'https://laserstream-mainnet-ewr.helius-rpc.com', // Choose your closest region
  };

  await subscribe(config, subscriptionRequest, async (data) => {
    if (!data.transaction?.transaction) return;
    const tx = data.transaction.transaction;
    console.log(`\n🔄 DEX Transaction:`);
    console.log(`  Signature: ${bs58.encode(tx.signature)}`);
    console.log(`  Slot: ${data.transaction.slot}`);
    console.log(`  Status: ${tx.meta?.err ? 'Failed' : 'Success'}`);
    console.log(`  Fee: ${tx.meta?.fee || 0} lamports`);
    console.log(`  Compute Units: ${tx.meta?.computeUnitsConsumed || 0}`);

    // Token balance changes
    if (tx.meta?.preTokenBalances?.length > 0) {
      console.log(`  Token Balance Changes:`);
      tx.meta.preTokenBalances.forEach((preBalance: any, index: number) => {
        const postBalance = tx.meta.postTokenBalances[index];
        if (preBalance && postBalance) {
          const change = postBalance.uiTokenAmount.uiAmount - preBalance.uiTokenAmount.uiAmount;
          if (change !== 0) {
            console.log(`    ${preBalance.mint}: ${change > 0 ? '+' : ''}${change}`);
          }
        }
      });
    }
  }, async (error) => {
    console.error('Stream error:', error);
  });
}

monitorDEXTransactions().catch(console.error);

示例 2：监控失败的交易

跟踪失败的交易以揭示应用程序问题：

async function monitorFailedTransactions() {
  const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
    transactions: {
      "failures": {
        accountInclude: ["YourProgramId"],
        accountExclude: [],
        accountRequired: [],
        vote: false,
        failed: true // Only failed transactions
      }
    },
    commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
    accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
    blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
  };

  const config: LaserstreamConfig = {
    apiKey: 'YOUR_API_KEY',
    endpoint: 'https://laserstream-mainnet-ewr.helius-rpc.com',
  };

  await subscribe(config, subscriptionRequest, async (data) => {
    if (!data.transaction?.transaction?.meta?.err) return;
    const tx = data.transaction.transaction;
    console.log(`\n❌ Failed Transaction:`);
    console.log(`  Signature: ${bs58.encode(tx.signature)}`);
    console.log(`  Slot: ${data.transaction.slot}`);
    console.log(`  Error: ${JSON.stringify(tx.meta.err)}`);
    console.log(`  Fee: ${tx.meta.fee} lamports`);
    console.log(`  Compute Units: ${tx.meta.computeUnitsConsumed || 0}`);
  }, async (error) => {
    console.error('Stream error:', error);
  });
}

示例 3：监控高价值交易

跟踪重要的 SOL 转账交易：

async function monitorHighValueTransactions() {
  const subscriptionRequest: SubscribeRequest = {
    transactions: {
      "system-program": {
        accountInclude: ["11111111111111111111111111111111"],
        accountExclude: [],
        accountRequired: [],
        vote: false,
        failed: false
      }
    },
    commitment: CommitmentLevel.CONFIRMED,
    accounts: {}, slots: {}, transactionsStatus: {},
    blocks: {}, blocksMeta: {}, entry: {}, accountsDataSlice: [],
  };

  const config: LaserstreamConfig = {
    apiKey: 'YOUR_API_KEY',
    endpoint: 'https://laserstream-mainnet-ewr.helius-rpc.com',
  };

  await subscribe(config, subscriptionRequest, async (data) => {
    if (!data.transaction?.transaction?.meta) return;
    const tx = data.transaction.transaction;
    const preBalances = tx.meta.preBalances || [];
    const postBalances = tx.meta.postBalances || [];

    let maxChange = 0;
    preBalances.forEach((preBalance: number, index: number) => {
      const postBalance = postBalances[index] || 0;
      maxChange = Math.max(maxChange, Math.abs(postBalance - preBalance));
    });

    const changeInSOL = maxChange / 1e9;
    if (changeInSOL > 10) {
      console.log(`\n💰 High-Value Transaction:`);
      console.log(`  Signature: ${bs58.encode(tx.signature)}`);
      console.log(`  Slot: ${data.transaction.slot}`);
      console.log(`  Max SOL Transfer: ${changeInSOL.toFixed(2)} SOL`);
      console.log(`  Fee: ${tx.meta.fee / 1e9} SOL`);
    }
  }, async (error) => {
    console.error('Stream error:', error);
  });
}

交易数据结构

交易消息结构

{
  signature: string;
  isVote: boolean;
  transaction: {
    message: {
      accountKeys: string[];        // All accounts involved
      instructions: Instruction[];  // Program instructions
      recentBlockhash: string;
    };
    signatures: string[];
  };
  meta: {
    err: any;                      // Error details if failed
    fee: number;                   // Transaction fee in lamports
    computeUnitsConsumed: number;
    preBalances: number[];
    postBalances: number[];
    preTokenBalances: TokenBalance[];
    postTokenBalances: TokenBalance[];
    logMessages: string[];
  };
}

代币余额变化

{
  accountIndex: number;
  mint: string;
  owner: string;
  uiTokenAmount: {
    amount: string;
    decimals: number;
    uiAmount: number;
    uiAmountString: string;
  };
}

指令详情

{
  programIdIndex: number; // Index in accountKeys array
  accounts: number[];
  data: string;           // Instruction data (base58)
}

筛选逻辑参考

包含逻辑 (OR)

accountInclude: 交易必须涉及任意这些账户。["A", "B"] 匹配涉及账户 A 或账户 B 的交易。

要求逻辑 (AND)

accountRequired: 交易必须涉及所有这些账户。["A", "B"] 匹配涉及账户 A 和账户 B 的交易。

排除逻辑 (NOT)

accountExclude: 交易不能涉及任何这些账户。

组合逻辑

最终筛选：(accountInclude OR empty) AND (accountRequired AND all) AND NOT (accountExclude OR any)。

性能注意事项

Volume Management
Data Processing

事务流可能具有高流量。为保持同步：

从特定程序过滤器入手（不要订阅“所有事务”）
当您能容忍大约1.5秒的额外延迟时，使用confirmed而不是processed
使用计数器监控处理能力
考虑在队列后面运行并行消费者

let count = 0;
const startTime = Date.now();
// inside your subscribe handler:
count++;
if (count % 100 === 0) {
  const elapsed = (Date.now() - startTime) / 1000;
  console.log(`Processing ${(count / elapsed).toFixed(1)} tx/sec`);
}

只提取所需内容以保持低内存：

import bs58 from 'bs58';

function extractTransactionData(tx: any) {
  return {
    signature: bs58.encode(tx.signature),
    slot: tx.slot,
    success: !tx.meta?.err,
    fee: tx.meta?.fee || 0,
    computeUnits: tx.meta?.computeUnitsConsumed || 0,
  };
}

错误处理

Too Many Transactions

症状： 事务量过大。解决方案： 添加更严格的过滤器（accountRequired, accountExclude）；使用更高的承诺；实施采样或速率限制；异步处理。

Missing Transactions

症状： 预期事务未出现。解决方案： 验证程序地址是否正确；检查事务是否实际存在；尝试processed以获得更快更新；放宽限制性accountRequired/accountExclude过滤器。

Parse Errors

症状： 无法解析事务数据。解决方案： 适当处理缺失字段；在处理前验证结构；将解析包裹在try/catch中；参见解码事务数据。

下一步

Slot & Block Monitoring

跟踪网络共识和区块生成。

Stream Pump AMM Data

实际案例：监控Pump.fun AMM交易。

Decoding Transaction Data

将二进制交易负载解析为可读的Solana交易。

Yellowstone protocol reference

针对原始Yellowstone gRPC协议的相同步骤。

快速开始

Solana RPC 节点

数据流和事件监听

如何发送交易

获取数据

专用节点

压缩

质押

计费

使用 Orb

资源

使用LaserStream进行交易监控

交易过滤选项

实用示例

示例1：监控DEX交易

示例 2：监控失败的交易

示例 3：监控高价值交易

交易数据结构

筛选逻辑参考

包含逻辑 (OR)

要求逻辑 (AND)

排除逻辑 (NOT)

组合逻辑

性能注意事项

错误处理

下一步

Slot & Block Monitoring

Stream Pump AMM Data

Decoding Transaction Data

Yellowstone protocol reference

快速开始

Solana RPC 节点

数据流和事件监听

如何发送交易

获取数据

专用节点

压缩

质押

计费

使用 Orb

资源

Documentation Index

​交易过滤选项

​实用示例

​示例1：监控DEX交易

​示例 2：监控失败的交易

​示例 3：监控高价值交易

​交易数据结构

​筛选逻辑参考

包含逻辑 (OR)

要求逻辑 (AND)

排除逻辑 (NOT)

组合逻辑

​性能注意事项

​错误处理

​下一步

Slot & Block Monitoring

Stream Pump AMM Data

Decoding Transaction Data

Yellowstone protocol reference

交易过滤选项

实用示例

示例1：监控DEX交易

示例 2：监控失败的交易

示例 3：监控高价值交易

交易数据结构

筛选逻辑参考

性能注意事项

错误处理

下一步