- Uma retirada move tokens de um saldo privado para um saldo público Solana.
- As retiradas são enviadas em uma única transação Solana para um endereço de carteira Solana.
Retirada: O que é Privado
| Campo | Visibilidade | Por quê |
|---|---|---|
| Carteira privada de origem | Público | Em um anel confidencial, a carteira privada de origem é visível onchain. |
| Ativo | Público | O ativo é visível onchain |
| Quantidade | Público | A quantidade retirada é visível onchain |
| Carteira pública de destino | Público | O endereço da carteira de destino é visível onchain |
| Saldo público resultante | Público | O saldo público resultante é visível onchain |
| Saldo privado remanescente | Privado | O saldo remanescente é criptografado onchain |
O Ring sem permissão é confidencial com quantidade e ativo criptografados.
Um Ring personalizado pode ser configurado como confidencial ou anônimo (remetente, destinatário, ativo e quantidade criptografados).
Como Funciona uma Retirada
Uma retirada se comporta de forma similar a uma transferência pública Solana:- O saldo SOL ou SPL do usuário é criptografado onchain.
-
O usuário descriptografa o estado privado, a carteira cria uma retirada, e o proprietário assina.
- Busca estado criptografado com métodos RPC dedicados. Somente o usuário pode descriptografar saldos localmente.
- A carteira define a quantidade e o destinatário, depois solicita uma prova ZK. O provedor RPC gera a prova ZK por padrão e a retorna.
- O runtime Solana verifica as assinaturas e invoca o Solana Privacy Program, que verifica a prova ZK sem revelar o estado criptografado.
- O aplicativo rastreia o status via hash da transação Solana.
Comparar com Transferência Solana
Comparar com Transferência Solana
- O saldo SOL ou SPL do usuário é público onchain.
- A carteira lê o estado público, cria uma transferência, e o proprietário assina.
- O runtime Solana verifica as assinaturas e invoca o System Program ou Token Program, que atualiza o saldo público.
- O aplicativo rastreia o status via hash da transação Solana.
Este é o fluxo de transação de alto nível para o Ring confidencial sem permissão.
Compare com Rings personalizados em concepts.
Introdução
- Cliente TypeScript
- Cliente Rust
1
Pré-requisitos
Os exemplos em TypeScript exigem Node.js 24 ou superior, pnpm 11.18.0 e o Solana CLI.
pnpm add @heliuslabs/zolana@^0.3.1-alpha @solana/kit@^8.3.0
Conectar aos Endpoints
Conectar aos Endpoints
- Devnet
- Localnet
pnpm install
cp .env.example .env
.env
API_KEY=YOUR_API_KEY
ZOLANA_PAYER_KEYPAIR=~/.config/solana/id.json
import { createZolanaClient } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
const client = await createZolanaClient({
solanaRpcUrl: "https://devnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY",
indexerUrl: "https://d2xah7tnhdhcom.cloudfront.net",
proverUrl: "https://d21ni15goiip6l.cloudfront.net",
});
No localnet, o SDK inicia o validador de teste local (
:8899), o indexador Photon (:8784) e o provedor (:3001), e o
cliente se conecta a eles automaticamente, sem a necessidade de configuração de endpoint.cargo install --git https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana --tag v0.3.0-alpha zolana-cli
zolana dev start
import { createZolanaClient } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
const client = await createZolanaClient({});
2
Retirar para um Saldo Público
Solana Kit auxiliar de envio
Solana Kit auxiliar de envio
import {
appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
assertIsTransactionWithBlockhashLifetime,
createTransactionMessage,
getSignatureFromTransaction,
pipe,
sendTransactionWithoutConfirmingFactory,
setTransactionMessageConfig,
setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
signTransactionMessageWithSigners,
type Instruction,
type Signature,
type TransactionSigner,
} from "@solana/kit";
import { createZolanaClient } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
type Client = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof createZolanaClient>>;
export interface ConfirmedTransaction {
readonly signature: Signature;
readonly slot: bigint;
}
export function sendAndConfirmFactory(
client: Client,
feePayer: TransactionSigner,
): (instructions: readonly Instruction[]) => Promise<ConfirmedTransaction> {
const sendTransaction = sendTransactionWithoutConfirmingFactory({
rpc: client.solanaRpc,
});
return async function sendAndConfirm(
instructions: readonly Instruction[],
): Promise<ConfirmedTransaction> {
const { value: lifetime } = await client.solanaRpc
.getLatestBlockhash()
.send();
const signed = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(
pipe(
createTransactionMessage({ version: 1 }),
(message) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, message),
(message) =>
setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(lifetime, message),
(message) =>
setTransactionMessageConfig(
{
computeUnitLimit: 450_000,
loadedAccountsDataSizeLimit: 64 * 1024 * 1024,
},
message,
),
(message) =>
appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, message),
),
);
assertIsTransactionWithBlockhashLifetime(signed);
await sendTransaction(signed, { commitment: "confirmed" });
const signature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signed);
const slot = await client.confirmTransaction(signature);
return { signature, slot };
};
}
- O SDK retorna instruções. O aplicativo assina e as envia.
sendAndConfirmFactoryconstrói uma transação Kit, a envia e retorna a assinatura mais o slot ocupado.
- SOL
- SPL
import { LocalKeys } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/client";
import { SOL_MINT } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
import {
transactInstruction,
TransactWithdrawal,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/interface";
import {
ConfidentialTransfer,
ProofInputUtxo,
WithdrawalTarget,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/transaction";
const withdrawalUtxo =
transferBalance.utxos[0]!;
const withdrawalInput =
ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair(
withdrawalUtxo,
sender,
);
const withdrawal = new ConfidentialTransfer(
senderAddress,
[withdrawalInput],
senderSigner.address,
);
withdrawal.withdraw(
SOL_MINT,
WITHDRAW_AMOUNT,
WithdrawalTarget.sol({
recipient: senderSigner.address,
}),
);
const withdrawalProofInputs = withdrawal.sign(
sender,
assets,
);
const senderKeys = LocalKeys.fromKeypair(sender, client.proofService);
const withdrawalData =
await client.proveTransact(
withdrawalProofInputs,
senderKeys,
);
const withdrawalInstruction =
await transactInstruction({
payer: senderSigner,
inputTree: client.tree,
outputTree: client.tree,
withdrawal: TransactWithdrawal.sol({
recipient: senderSigner.address,
}),
data: withdrawalData,
});
const withdrawalTx = await sendAndConfirm([
withdrawalInstruction,
]);
import { LocalKeys } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/client";
import {
transactInstruction,
TransactWithdrawal,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/interface";
import {
ConfidentialTransfer,
ProofInputUtxo,
WithdrawalTarget,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/transaction";
const withdrawalUtxo =
transferBalance.utxos[0]!;
const withdrawalInput =
ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair(
withdrawalUtxo,
sender,
);
const withdrawal = new ConfidentialTransfer(
senderAddress,
[withdrawalInput],
senderSigner.address,
);
withdrawal.withdraw(
spl.mint,
WITHDRAW_AMOUNT,
WithdrawalTarget.spl({
recipientTokenAccount: spl.userTokenAccount,
splTokenInterface: spl.splTokenInterface,
splInterfaceBump: spl.splInterfaceBump,
}),
);
const withdrawalProofInputs = withdrawal.sign(
sender,
assets,
);
const senderKeys = LocalKeys.fromKeypair(sender, client.proofService);
const withdrawalData =
await client.proveTransact(
withdrawalProofInputs,
senderKeys,
);
const withdrawalInstruction =
await transactInstruction({
payer: senderSigner,
inputTree: client.tree,
outputTree: client.tree,
withdrawal: TransactWithdrawal.spl({
mint: spl.mint,
splTokenInterface: spl.splTokenInterface,
recipientTokenAccount: spl.userTokenAccount,
tokenProgram: spl.tokenProgram,
}),
data: withdrawalData,
});
const withdrawalTx = await sendAndConfirm([
withdrawalInstruction,
]);
1. Selecionar contas de token privadas para gastar
1. Selecionar contas de token privadas para gastar
import { SOL_MINT } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
const withdrawalUtxo =
transferBalance.utxos[0]!;
- O exemplo gasta a Conta de Token Privada Solana restante após a transferência anterior. Uma retirada pode gastar vários UTXOs.
withdrawalUtxoseleciona uma Conta de Token Privada Solana desse saldo.
2. Preparar entradas de prova
2. Preparar entradas de prova
import { ProofInputUtxo } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/transaction";
const withdrawalInput =
ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair(
withdrawalUtxo,
sender,
);
ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypairprepara o UTXO selecionado como uma entrada de prova com o par de chaves privado da carteira do remetente.- O par de chaves deriva o nulificador que marca o UTXO de entrada como gasto enquanto o ativo e a quantidade de entrada permanecem criptografados.
3. Construir e assinar a retirada
3. Construir e assinar a retirada
import { SOL_MINT } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
import {
ConfidentialTransfer,
WithdrawalTarget,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/transaction";
const withdrawal = new ConfidentialTransfer(
senderAddress,
[withdrawalInput],
senderSigner.address,
);
withdrawal.withdraw(
SOL_MINT,
WITHDRAW_AMOUNT,
WithdrawalTarget.sol({
recipient: senderSigner.address,
}),
);
const withdrawalProofInputs = withdrawal.sign(
sender,
assets,
);
senderAddressé o do remetente. A retirada gasta os fundos dessa carteira.[withdrawalInput]lista os UTXOs selecionados pelo remetente. Uma retirada pode gastar vários UTXOs.senderSigner.addressé o endereço Solana do pagador da taxa. Um patrocinador de gas pode pagar a taxa.WithdrawalTarget.solé o destinatário público da Solana. O destinatário pode ser o proprietário ou um terceiro.SOL_MINTseleciona SOL. Uma retirada de SPL ou Token 2022 passa o mint do token.WITHDRAW_AMOUNTé denominado nas unidades básicas do ativo. SOL usa lamports. Os ativos SPL e Token 2022 usam as unidades básicas do token.withdrawal.signautoriza a transição de estado, criptografa o troco privado restante e produz as entradas para o provador de conhecimento zero.assetsé o registro de ativos usado para resolver os ativos privados compatíveis.
4. Buscar a prova de conhecimento zero
4. Buscar a prova de conhecimento zero
import { LocalKeys } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/client";
const senderKeys = LocalKeys.fromKeypair(sender, client.proofService);
const withdrawalData =
await client.proveTransact(
withdrawalProofInputs,
senderKeys,
);
senderKeysusaLocalKeys.fromKeypair(sender, client.proofService)para autorizar a geração da prova com as chaves do remetente.client.proveTransactgera a prova de conhecimento zero a partir da retirada assinada e retorna os dados serializados da instrução.- A prova demonstra que o remetente possui e pode gastar as entradas. O ativo retirado e o valor são públicos. Os valores das entradas e o troco permanecem criptografados.
5. Construir a instrução de retirada
5. Construir a instrução de retirada
import {
transactInstruction,
TransactWithdrawal,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/interface";
const withdrawalInstruction =
await transactInstruction({
payer: senderSigner,
inputTree: client.tree,
outputTree: client.tree,
withdrawal: TransactWithdrawal.sol({
recipient: senderSigner.address,
}),
data: withdrawalData,
});
payerassina e paga pela transação da Solana. Um patrocinador de gas pode pagar a taxa.inputTreeeoutputTreesãoclient.tree, a árvore de Merkle de estado que contém os UTXOs gastos e recebe o troco privado do remetente.withdrawaléTransactWithdrawal.sol, a conta pública do destinatário na Solana.await transactInstructionderiva localmente os endereços das contas de anuladores e retorna a instrução. As contas de anuladores marcam os UTXOs de entrada como gastos para que um saldo privado não possa ser gasto duas vezes.datacontém a prova de conhecimento zero e o troco criptografado produzidos na etapa anterior.- Uma retirada move o ativo de um saldo privado para uma conta pública da Solana. Ela passa a conta pública do destinatário.
6. Enviar como qualquer transação Solana
6. Enviar como qualquer transação Solana
import { sendAndConfirmFactory } from "../src/lib.js";
const withdrawalTx = await sendAndConfirm([
withdrawalInstruction,
]);
sendAndConfirmassina e enviawithdrawalInstructioncomo uma transação Solana.- A confirmação gera o slot ocupado usado para controlar a busca no indexador.
Exemplo de Código Completo
Clone e execute o exemplo:git clone https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana-examples.git
cd zolana-examples
git checkout v0.3.0-alpha
cd typescript-client
pnpm install
pnpm example examples/deposit_transfer_withdraw.ts
Os exemplos usam um Ring confidencial em local/devnet aqui.
deposit_transfer_withdraw.ts
import {
SOL_MINT,
ShieldedKeypair,
createZolanaClient,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
import {
LocalKeys,
atSlot,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/client";
import {
depositInstruction,
transactInstruction,
DepositAsset,
TransactWithdrawal,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/interface";
import {
AssetRegistry,
ConfidentialTransfer,
ProofInputUtxo,
decryptToBalances,
WithdrawalTarget,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/transaction";
import {
cliKeypair,
sendAndConfirmFactory,
} from "../src/lib.js";
const DEPOSIT_AMOUNT = 10_000_000n;
const TRANSFER_AMOUNT = 3_000_000n;
const WITHDRAW_AMOUNT = 3_000_000n;
async function main(): Promise<void> {
const client = await createZolanaClient({
solanaRpcUrl: `https://devnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=${process.env.API_KEY}`,
});
// localnet: const client = await createZolanaClient({});
// Initialize the sender's private wallet and local authority
// to decrypt transactions and sync balances.
// The Solana signer and private wallet are derived from the same Ed25519 seed.
const sender = ShieldedKeypair.fromKeypair(
await cliKeypair(),
);
const recipient = ShieldedKeypair.generate();
const senderSigner = sender.toSolanaSigner();
const senderAddress = sender.shieldedAddress();
const senderKeys = LocalKeys.fromKeypair(
sender,
client.proofService,
);
// The SDK hands back instructions; the app owns signing and sending.
const sendAndConfirm = sendAndConfirmFactory(
client,
senderSigner,
);
// Mints that are registered with Solana Rings for privacy.
const assets = new AssetRegistry();
// Deposit SOL into the sender's private balance.
// A deposit from a public balance reveals
// sender, recipient, asset and amount.
// Alternatively, you can onramp fiat directly to a private balance.
// 1. Move public SOL into the sender's private balance.
// The view tag is the sender's Solana public key in confidential rings.
// Used by the indexer to fetch the sender's outputs.
const senderViewTag =
senderAddress.confidentialViewTag();
const depositIx = await depositInstruction({
tree: client.tree,
depositor: senderSigner,
deposits: [
{
asset: DepositAsset.sol(),
viewTag: senderViewTag,
recipientOwnerHash:
senderAddress.ownerHash(),
amount: DEPOSIT_AMOUNT,
},
],
});
// 2. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; confirmation yields the landed slot.
const depositTx = await sendAndConfirm([
depositIx,
]);
// 3. Fetch this transaction's outputs, gated on its confirmed slot.
const depositResponse =
await client.getShieldedTransactionsBySignature(
depositTx.signature,
atSlot(depositTx.slot),
);
// 4. The sender decrypts the transaction outputs locally to read the funds deposited in this run.
const balancesAfterDeposit =
await decryptToBalances({
keypair: sender,
registry: assets,
transactions:
depositResponse.transactions.map(
({ transaction }) => transaction,
),
});
const depositBalance =
balancesAfterDeposit.balance(SOL_MINT);
if (depositBalance.amount !== DEPOSIT_AMOUNT) {
throw new Error(
`expected deposit amount ${DEPOSIT_AMOUNT}, got ${depositBalance.amount}`,
);
}
if (depositBalance.utxos.length !== 1) {
throw new Error(
`expected 1 deposit utxo, got ${depositBalance.utxos.length}`,
);
}
// Confidential SOL transfer to the recipient's private balance.
// A confidential transfer reveals only sender and recipient,
// not the asset or amount.
// 1. Select private token accounts (UTXOs) that make up the private balance for the transfer.
const transferUtxo = depositBalance.utxos[0]!;
// 2. Prepare the selected UTXOs as inputs for the zero-knowledge proof.
const transferInput =
ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair(
transferUtxo,
sender,
);
// 3. Build and sign the confidential transfer.
// Signing encrypts the asset and amount and produces the proof inputs for the ZK prover.
const transfer = new ConfidentialTransfer(
senderAddress,
[transferInput],
senderSigner.address,
);
transfer.send(
recipient.shieldedAddress(),
SOL_MINT,
TRANSFER_AMOUNT,
);
const transferProofInputs = transfer.sign(
sender,
assets,
);
// 4. Fetch the ZK proof to prove the sender can spend the balance without revealing asset and amount.
const transferData = await client.proveTransact(
transferProofInputs,
senderKeys,
);
// 5. Build the instruction with the state Merkle tree and Solana accounts required for the transfer.
// Private transfers move balances only between private token accounts, not public token accounts.
const transferInstruction =
await transactInstruction({
payer: senderSigner,
inputTree: client.tree,
outputTree: client.tree,
data: transferData,
});
// 6. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; confirmation yields the landed slot.
const transferTx = await sendAndConfirm([
transferInstruction,
]);
// 7. Fetch this transaction's outputs, gated on its confirmed slot.
const transferResponse =
await client.getShieldedTransactionsBySignature(
transferTx.signature,
atSlot(transferTx.slot),
);
const balancesAfterTransfer =
await decryptToBalances({
keypair: sender,
registry: assets,
transactions:
transferResponse.transactions.map(
({ transaction }) => transaction,
),
});
const transferBalance =
balancesAfterTransfer.balance(SOL_MINT);
if (
transferBalance.amount !==
DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT
) {
throw new Error(
`expected remaining amount from this run ${DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT}, got ${transferBalance.amount}`,
);
}
if (transferBalance.utxos.length !== 1) {
throw new Error(
`expected 1 transfer utxo, got ${transferBalance.utxos.length}`,
);
}
// Withdraw SOL from the sender's private balance to their public balance.
// A withdrawal reveals the sender, recipient, asset, and amount.
// 1. Select private token accounts (UTXOs) that make up the private balance for the withdrawal.
const withdrawalUtxo =
transferBalance.utxos[0]!;
// 2. Prepare the selected UTXOs as inputs for the zero-knowledge proof.
const withdrawalInput =
ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair(
withdrawalUtxo,
sender,
);
// 3. Build and sign the private-to-public withdrawal.
// Signing encrypts the asset and amount of the remaining private balance
// and produces the proof inputs for the ZK prover.
const withdrawal = new ConfidentialTransfer(
senderAddress,
[withdrawalInput],
senderSigner.address,
);
withdrawal.withdraw(
SOL_MINT,
WITHDRAW_AMOUNT,
WithdrawalTarget.sol({
recipient: senderSigner.address,
}),
);
const withdrawalProofInputs = withdrawal.sign(
sender,
assets,
);
// 4. Fetch the ZK proof to prove the sender can spend the balance.
const withdrawalData =
await client.proveTransact(
withdrawalProofInputs,
senderKeys,
);
// 5. Build the instruction with the state Merkle tree and Solana accounts required for the withdrawal.
const withdrawalInstruction =
await transactInstruction({
payer: senderSigner,
inputTree: client.tree,
outputTree: client.tree,
withdrawal: TransactWithdrawal.sol({
recipient: senderSigner.address,
}),
data: withdrawalData,
});
// 6. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; confirmation yields the landed slot.
const withdrawalTx = await sendAndConfirm([
withdrawalInstruction,
]);
// 7. Fetch this transaction's outputs, gated on its confirmed slot.
const withdrawalResponse =
await client.getShieldedTransactionsBySignature(
withdrawalTx.signature,
atSlot(withdrawalTx.slot),
);
const balancesAfterWithdrawal =
await decryptToBalances({
keypair: sender,
registry: assets,
transactions:
withdrawalResponse.transactions.map(
({ transaction }) => transaction,
),
});
const withdrawalBalance =
balancesAfterWithdrawal.balance(SOL_MINT);
if (
withdrawalBalance.amount !==
DEPOSIT_AMOUNT -
TRANSFER_AMOUNT -
WITHDRAW_AMOUNT
) {
throw new Error(
`expected remaining amount from this run ${DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT - WITHDRAW_AMOUNT}, got ${withdrawalBalance.amount}`,
);
}
if (withdrawalBalance.utxos.length !== 1) {
throw new Error(
`expected 1 withdrawal utxo, got ${withdrawalBalance.utxos.length}`,
);
}
// 8. Read remaining private balance and the public balance.
const solanaBalance = await client.getBalance(
senderSigner.address,
);
console.log(
`withdraw private_balance=${withdrawalBalance.amount} ` +
`solana_balance=${solanaBalance} tx=${withdrawalTx.signature}`,
);
}
await main();
1
Pré-requisitos
Os exemplos em Rust exigem o Rust 1.98.1 e a CLI da Solana v4.0.2. Consulte o guia de instalação da Solana.
Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
zolana-client = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.3.0-alpha", features = ["indexer-api", "solana-rpc"] }
zolana-interface = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.3.0-alpha" }
zolana-program = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.3.0-alpha" }
zolana-keypair = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.3.0-alpha" }
zolana-transaction = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.3.0-alpha" }
zolana-wallet = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.3.0-alpha" }
Conectar aos Endpoints
Conectar aos Endpoints
- Devnet
- Localnet
Adicione uma chave da Helius API:Os exemplos usam a carteira Solana CLI como a pagadora por padrão. A pagadora deve possuir SOL de devnet. Veja Como Obter SOL de Devnet.
.env
API_KEY=YOUR_API_KEY
ZOLANA_PAYER_KEYPAIR=~/.config/solana/id.json
use zolana_client::{SolanaRpc, ZolanaClient};
use zolana_interface::pda;
let tree = pda::tree(0);
let client = ZolanaClient::from_urls(
SolanaRpc::new("https://devnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY"),
"https://d2xah7tnhdhcom.cloudfront.net",
"https://d21ni15goiip6l.cloudfront.net",
)?;
cargo install --git https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana --tag v0.3.0-alpha zolana-cli
zolana dev start
use zolana_client::{SolanaRpc, ZolanaClient};
use zolana_interface::pda;
let tree = pda::tree(0);
let client = ZolanaClient::from_urls(
SolanaRpc::new("http://127.0.0.1:8899"),
"http://127.0.0.1:8784",
"http://127.0.0.1:3001",
)?;
2
Retirar para um Saldo Público
use zolana_program::instruction::{
Transact, TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts, TransactSolTransferAccounts,
};
use zolana_transaction::{instructions::transact::ConfidentialTransaction, SOL_MINT};
let withdrawal_utxo = sender_balances_after_transfer
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.and_then(|balance| balance.utxos.first())
.expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo")
.clone();
let mut withdrawal = ConfidentialTransaction::new(vec![withdrawal_utxo], sender.pubkey())?;
withdrawal.withdraw_sol(WITHDRAW_AMOUNT, sender.pubkey())?;
// SPL: withdrawal.withdraw(spl.mint, WITHDRAW_AMOUNT, spl.user_token_account)?;
let proof_inputs = withdrawal.encrypt(&sender)?;
let withdrawal_data = client.prove_transact(proof_inputs, None, &sender)?;
let withdraw_ix = Transact {
payer: sender.pubkey(),
input_trees: vec![tree],
output_tree: tree,
owner_signers: Vec::new(),
interface_transfer_accounts: vec![TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts::Sol(
TransactSolTransferAccounts {
recipient: sender.pubkey(),
},
)],
// SPL: interface_transfer_accounts: vec![
// SPL: TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts::SplWithdrawal(
// SPL: zolana_program::instruction::TransactSplWithdrawalAccounts {
// SPL: mint: spl.mint,
// SPL: spl_interface: spl.vault,
// SPL: user_token_account: spl.user_token_account,
// SPL: token_program: spl.token_program,
// SPL: },
// SPL: ),
// SPL: ],
data: withdrawal_data,
}
.instruction();
1. Selecionar contas de token privadas para gastar
1. Selecionar contas de token privadas para gastar
use zolana_transaction::SOL_MINT;
let withdrawal_utxo = sender_balances_after_transfer
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.and_then(|balance| balance.utxos.first())
.expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo")
.clone();
- O exemplo gasta a Conta de Token Privada Solana restante após a transferência anterior. Uma retirada pode gastar vários UTXOs.
withdrawal_utxoé o primeiro UTXO utilizável para esse ativo. O comentário// SPL:mostraget_balance(spl.mint).
2. Preparar entradas de prova
2. Preparar entradas de prova
use zolana_transaction::instructions::transact::ConfidentialTransaction;
let mut withdrawal = ConfidentialTransaction::new(vec![withdrawal_utxo], sender.pubkey())?;
ConfidentialTransaction::newrecebe diretamente as UTXOs selecionadas.vec![withdrawal_utxo]lista as entradas.sender.pubkey()é o pagador da taxa de transação.
3. Crie e criptografe a retirada
3. Crie e criptografe a retirada
use solana_signer::Signer;
withdrawal.withdraw_sol(WITHDRAW_AMOUNT, sender.pubkey())?;
// SPL: withdrawal.withdraw(spl.mint, WITHDRAW_AMOUNT, spl.user_token_account)?;
let proof_inputs = withdrawal.encrypt(&sender)?;
sender.pubkey()é o destinatário público de SOL. O destinatário pode ser o proprietário ou um terceiro. Para SPL e Token 2022, passe a conta de token do destinatário parawithdraw.withdrawal.withdraw_solseleciona SOL. O comentário de// SPL:mostra o mint do token para ativos SPL e Token 2022.WITHDRAW_AMOUNTé denominado nas unidades básicas do ativo. SOL usa lamports. Ativos SPL e Token 2022 usam as unidades básicas do token.withdrawal.encrypt(&sender)criptografa as saídas e produz as entradas para o provador de conhecimento zero.
4. Buscar a prova de conhecimento zero
4. Buscar a prova de conhecimento zero
use zolana_client::Rpc;
let withdrawal_data = client.prove_transact(proof_inputs, None, &sender)?;
client.prove_transactgera a prova de conhecimento zero a partir da retirada criptografada e retorna os dados serializados da instrução.senderfornece as chaves usadas para autorizar a prova. As UTXOs de entrada identificam suas árvores de estado.- A prova demonstra que o remetente possui as entradas e pode gastá-las. O ativo retirado e o valor são públicos. Os valores de entrada e o troco permanecem criptografados.
5. Construir a instrução de retirada
5. Construir a instrução de retirada
use zolana_program::instruction::{
Transact, TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts, TransactSolTransferAccounts,
};
let withdraw_ix = Transact {
payer: sender.pubkey(),
input_trees: vec![tree],
output_tree: tree,
owner_signers: Vec::new(),
interface_transfer_accounts: vec![TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts::Sol(
TransactSolTransferAccounts {
recipient: sender.pubkey(),
},
)],
// SPL: interface_transfer_accounts: vec![
// SPL: TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts::SplWithdrawal(
// SPL: zolana_program::instruction::TransactSplWithdrawalAccounts {
// SPL: mint: spl.mint,
// SPL: spl_interface: spl.vault,
// SPL: user_token_account: spl.user_token_account,
// SPL: token_program: spl.token_program,
// SPL: },
// SPL: ),
// SPL: ],
data: withdrawal_data,
}
.instruction();
payerassina e paga pela transação da Solana. Um patrocinador de gas pode pagar a taxa.input_treesidentifica a árvore de Merkle de estado que contém os UTXOs gastos.output_treeidentifica a árvore de Merkle de estado que recebe o compromisso do troco privado do remetente.interface_transfer_accountsforneceTransactInterfaceTransferAccounts::Sol, o destinatário público da Solana. O comentário de// SPL:mostraSplWithdrawal.owner_signersestá vazio para esta retirada confidencial.datacontém a prova de conhecimento zero e o troco criptografado produzidos na etapa anterior.
6. Enviar como qualquer transação Solana
6. Enviar como qualquer transação Solana
use zolana_client::Rpc;
let signature = client.create_and_send_transaction(
&[withdraw_ix],
sender.pubkey(),
&[&sender],
client.compute_budget(),
)?;
let slot = landed_slot(&client, signature)?;
create_and_send_transactionassina e enviawithdraw_ixcomo uma transação da Solana.landed_slotlê o slot de confirmação usado para controlar a busca do indexador.senderpaga a taxa e autoriza a retirada.
Exemplo de Código Completo
Clone e execute o exemplo:git clone https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana-examples.git
cd zolana-examples
git checkout v0.3.0-alpha
cd rust-client
cargo run -p rust-client-example --example deposit_transfer_withdraw
Os exemplos usam um Ring confidencial em local/devnet aqui.
deposit_transfer_withdraw.rs
use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
use rust_client_example::{cli_keypair, landed_slot, setup, SetupContext};
use solana_keypair::Keypair;
use solana_signer::Signer;
use zolana_client::{IndexerRpcConfig, Rpc, SolanaRpc, ZolanaClient};
use zolana_keypair::ShieldedKeypair;
use zolana_program::instruction::{
AssetDeposit, Deposit, DepositAsset, Transact, TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts,
TransactSolTransferAccounts,
};
use zolana_transaction::{
decrypt_spendable, instructions::transact::ConfidentialTransaction, AssetRegistry, SOL_MINT,
};
const DEPOSIT_AMOUNT: u64 = 10_000_000;
const TRANSFER_AMOUNT: u64 = 3_000_000;
const WITHDRAW_AMOUNT: u64 = 3_000_000;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
let SetupContext {
rpc_url,
indexer_url,
prover_url,
tree,
} = setup()?;
// Connect to the RPC, indexer, and prover.
let client = ZolanaClient::from_urls(SolanaRpc::new(rpc_url), &indexer_url, prover_url)?;
// Mints that are registered with Solana Rings for privacy.
let assets = AssetRegistry::default();
// SPL: assets.insert(spl.asset_id, spl.mint)?;
// Initialize the sender's private wallet and local authority
// to decrypt transactions and sync balances.
// The Solana signer and private wallet are derived from the same Ed25519 seed.
let sender = ShieldedKeypair::from_keypair(&cli_keypair()?)?;
let recipient = ShieldedKeypair::from_keypair(&Keypair::new())?;
let sender_shielded_address = sender.shielded_address()?;
// Deposit SOL into the sender's private balance.
// A deposit from a public balance reveals
// sender, recipient, asset and amount.
// Alternatively, you can onramp fiat directly to a private balance.
// 1. Move public SOL into the sender's private balance.
let sender_balances_after_deposit = {
let deposit_ix = Deposit {
tree,
depositor: sender.pubkey(),
deposits: vec![AssetDeposit {
asset: DepositAsset::Sol,
// SPL: asset: DepositAsset::Spl(zolana_program::instruction::DepositSplAccounts {
// SPL: mint: spl.mint,
// SPL: user_token: spl.user_token_account,
// SPL: token_program: spl.token_program,
// SPL: }),
view_tag: sender_shielded_address.confidential_view_tag()?,
owner: sender_shielded_address.owner_hash()?,
amount: DEPOSIT_AMOUNT,
memo: None,
}],
}
.instruction()?;
// 2. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; the landed slot gates
// the indexer fetch below.
let signature = client.create_and_send_transaction(
&[deposit_ix],
sender.pubkey(),
&[&sender],
client.compute_budget(),
)?;
let slot = landed_slot(&client, signature)?;
// 3. Fetch transaction outputs from the indexer, gated on the deposit's slot.
// The indexer returns encrypted outputs by transaction signature.
let response = client.get_shielded_transactions_by_signature(
signature,
Some(IndexerRpcConfig::at_slot(slot)),
)?;
let transactions = response
.transactions
.into_iter()
.map(|indexed| indexed.transaction)
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
// 4. The sender decrypts the transaction outputs locally to update the private balance.
let balances = decrypt_spendable(&sender, &transactions, &assets)
.map_err(|e| anyhow!("decrypt sender transactions: {e:?}"))?
.balances;
let sender_balance = balances
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo");
assert_eq!(sender_balance.amount, DEPOSIT_AMOUNT);
assert_eq!(sender_balance.utxos.len(), 1);
balances
};
// Confidential SOL transfer to the recipient's private balance.
// A confidential transfer reveals only sender and recipient,
// not the asset or amount.
let sender_balances_after_transfer = {
// 1. Select UTXOs that make up the private balance for the transfer.
let transfer_utxo = sender_balances_after_deposit
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.and_then(|balance| balance.utxos.first())
.expect("failed to fetch deposited utxo")
.clone();
// 2. Prepare the selected UTXOs as inputs for the zero-knowledge proof.
let mut transfer = ConfidentialTransaction::new(vec![transfer_utxo], sender.pubkey())?;
// 3. Build and encrypt the confidential transfer.
// Encryption hides the asset and amount and produces the proof inputs for the ZK prover.
transfer.transfer_sol(&recipient.shielded_address()?, TRANSFER_AMOUNT)?;
// SPL: transfer.transfer(&recipient.shielded_address()?, spl.mint, TRANSFER_AMOUNT)?;
let proof_inputs = transfer.encrypt(&sender)?;
// 4. Fetch the zk proof to prove the sender can spend the balance without revealing asset and amount.
let transfer_data = client.prove_transact(proof_inputs, None, &sender)?;
// 5. Construct the instruction.
let transfer_ix = Transact {
payer: sender.pubkey(),
input_trees: vec![tree],
output_tree: tree,
owner_signers: Vec::new(),
interface_transfer_accounts: Vec::new(),
data: transfer_data,
}
.instruction();
// 6. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; confirmation yields the landed slot.
let signature = client.create_and_send_transaction(
&[transfer_ix],
sender.pubkey(),
&[&sender],
client.compute_budget(),
)?;
let slot = landed_slot(&client, signature)?;
// 7. Fetch the sender's UTXOs from this transaction, gated on the transfer's slot,
// and read the remaining private balance.
let response = client.get_shielded_transactions_by_signature(
signature,
Some(IndexerRpcConfig::at_slot(slot)),
)?;
let transactions = response
.transactions
.into_iter()
.map(|indexed| indexed.transaction)
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let sender_balances = decrypt_spendable(&sender, &transactions, &assets)
.map_err(|e| anyhow!("decrypt sender transactions: {e:?}"))?
.balances;
let sender_balance = sender_balances
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo");
assert_eq!(sender_balance.amount, DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT);
assert_eq!(sender_balance.utxos.len(), 1);
sender_balances
};
// Withdraw SOL back to the sender's public balance.
// A withdrawal from a confidential balance reveals
// sender, recipient, asset and amount.
{
// 1. Select UTXOs that make up the private balance for the withdrawal.
let withdrawal_utxo = sender_balances_after_transfer
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.and_then(|balance| balance.utxos.first())
.expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo")
.clone();
// 2. Prepare the selected UTXOs as inputs for the zero-knowledge proof.
let mut withdrawal = ConfidentialTransaction::new(vec![withdrawal_utxo], sender.pubkey())?;
// 3. Build and encrypt the confidential withdrawal.
// Encryption hides the private change and produces the ZK prover inputs.
withdrawal.withdraw_sol(WITHDRAW_AMOUNT, sender.pubkey())?;
// SPL: withdrawal.withdraw(spl.mint, WITHDRAW_AMOUNT, spl.user_token_account)?;
let proof_inputs = withdrawal.encrypt(&sender)?;
// 4. Fetch the ZK proof to prove the sender can spend the balance.
let withdrawal_data = client.prove_transact(proof_inputs, None, &sender)?;
// 5. Combine the proof and withdrawal accounts in a single instruction.
let withdraw_ix = Transact {
payer: sender.pubkey(),
input_trees: vec![tree],
output_tree: tree,
owner_signers: Vec::new(),
interface_transfer_accounts: vec![TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts::Sol(
TransactSolTransferAccounts {
recipient: sender.pubkey(),
},
)],
// SPL: interface_transfer_accounts: vec![
// SPL: TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts::SplWithdrawal(
// SPL: zolana_program::instruction::TransactSplWithdrawalAccounts {
// SPL: mint: spl.mint,
// SPL: spl_interface: spl.vault,
// SPL: user_token_account: spl.user_token_account,
// SPL: token_program: spl.token_program,
// SPL: },
// SPL: ),
// SPL: ],
data: withdrawal_data,
}
.instruction();
// 6. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction.
let signature = client.create_and_send_transaction(
&[withdraw_ix],
sender.pubkey(),
&[&sender],
client.compute_budget(),
)?;
let slot = landed_slot(&client, signature)?;
// 7. Fetch the sender's UTXOs from this transaction, gated on the withdrawal's slot,
// and read the remaining private balance.
let response = client.get_shielded_transactions_by_signature(
signature,
Some(IndexerRpcConfig::at_slot(slot)),
)?;
let transactions = response
.transactions
.into_iter()
.map(|indexed| indexed.transaction)
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
let sender_balances = decrypt_spendable(&sender, &transactions, &assets)
.map_err(|e| anyhow!("decrypt sender transactions: {e:?}"))?
.balances;
let sender_balance = sender_balances
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo");
assert_eq!(
sender_balance.amount,
DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT - WITHDRAW_AMOUNT
);
assert_eq!(sender_balance.utxos.len(), 1);
// 8. Read remaining private balance and the public SOL balance.
let solana_balance = client.get_balance(sender.pubkey())?;
println!("withdraw solana_balance={solana_balance} tx={signature}");
// SPL: println!(
// SPL: "withdraw user_token={} tx={signature}",
// SPL: spl.user_token_account,
// SPL: );
}
Ok(())
}