Panduan Memulai Cepat
1
Get Your API Key
Dapatkan kunci API Helius Anda dari dasbor. Anda memerlukannya untuk autentikasi. Agen dapat memperoleh kunci menggunakan Helius CLI.
2
Choose Your Network
Pilih titik akhir yang sesuai:
- Mainnet:
wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY - Mainnet (Gatekeeper Beta):
wss://beta.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY - Devnet:
wss://devnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY
3
Create Your First Connection
const ws = new WebSocket('wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY');
ws.onopen = () => {
console.log('Connected to Solana!');
};
ws.onmessage = (event) => {
const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
console.log('Received:', data);
};
4
Subscribe to Updates
// Subscribe to account changes
const subscribeMessage = {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"method": "accountSubscribe",
"params": [
"ACCOUNT_ADDRESS_HERE",
{ "commitment": "confirmed" }
]
};
ws.send(JSON.stringify(subscribeMessage));
Metode Langganan
Pemantauan Akun
Pantau akun tertentu untuk mengetahui perubahan saldo, pembaruan data, atau transfer kepemilikan.const ws = new WebSocket('wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY');
const subscribeToAccount = (accountAddress) => {
const request = {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"method": "accountSubscribe",
"params": [
accountAddress,
{
"encoding": "jsonParsed",
"commitment": "confirmed"
}
]
};
ws.send(JSON.stringify(request));
};
ws.onmessage = (event) => {
const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
if (data.method === "accountNotification") {
console.log("Account updated:", data.params.result.value);
// Handle the account change
const accountInfo = data.params.result.value;
console.log(`New balance: ${accountInfo.lamports} lamports`);
}
};
// Subscribe to a wallet address
subscribeToAccount("9PejEmViKHgUkVFWN57cNEZnFS4Qo6SzsLj5UPAXfDTF");
const ws = new WebSocket('wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY');
// Monitor a token account for balance changes
const monitorTokenAccount = (tokenAccountAddress) => {
const request = {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 2,
"method": "accountSubscribe",
"params": [
tokenAccountAddress,
{
"encoding": "jsonParsed",
"commitment": "confirmed"
}
]
};
ws.send(JSON.stringify(request));
};
ws.onmessage = (event) => {
const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
if (data.method === "accountNotification") {
const accountData = data.params.result.value.data;
if (accountData.program === "spl-token") {
const parsed = accountData.parsed;
console.log(`Token balance: ${parsed.info.tokenAmount.uiAmount}`);
console.log(`Owner: ${parsed.info.owner}`);
}
}
};
Pemantauan Aktivitas Program
Pantau semua akun yang dimiliki oleh suatu program—cocok untuk memantau perdagangan DEX, transfer NFT, atau aktivitas DeFi.// Monitor Raydium AMM for all trade activity
const RAYDIUM_AMM_PROGRAM = "675kPX9MHTjS2zt1qfr1NYHuzeLXfQM9H24wFSUt1Mp8";
const subscribeToProgram = (programId) => {
const request = {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 3,
"method": "programSubscribe",
"params": [
programId,
{
"encoding": "jsonParsed",
"commitment": "confirmed",
"filters": [
{
"dataSize": 752 // Raydium pool account size
}
]
}
]
};
ws.send(JSON.stringify(request));
};
ws.onmessage = (event) => {
const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
if (data.method === "programNotification") {
console.log("Raydium pool updated:", data.params.result.value.pubkey);
// Process the pool data change
const accountData = data.params.result.value.account;
// Parse and handle the pool state change
}
};
subscribeToProgram(RAYDIUM_AMM_PROGRAM);
// Monitor Magic Eden program for NFT activity
const MAGIC_EDEN_PROGRAM = "M2mx93ekt1fmXSVkTrUL9xVFHkmME8HTUi5Cyc5aF7K";
const subscribeToNFTActivity = () => {
const request = {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 4,
"method": "programSubscribe",
"params": [
MAGIC_EDEN_PROGRAM,
{
"encoding": "base64",
"commitment": "confirmed"
}
]
};
ws.send(JSON.stringify(request));
};
ws.onmessage = (event) => {
const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
if (data.method === "programNotification") {
console.log("NFT marketplace activity detected");
// Decode and process the marketplace instruction
const accountInfo = data.params.result.value;
// Handle NFT listing, purchase, or cancellation
}
};
Pemantauan Transaksi
Lacak transaksi tertentu atau pantau transaksi yang menyebutkan akun tertentu.// Monitor a specific transaction signature
const trackTransaction = (signature) => {
const request = {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 5,
"method": "signatureSubscribe",
"params": [
signature,
{
"commitment": "confirmed"
}
]
};
ws.send(JSON.stringify(request));
};
ws.onmessage = (event) => {
const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
if (data.method === "signatureNotification") {
const result = data.params.result;
if (result.value.err) {
console.log("Transaction failed:", result.value.err);
} else {
console.log("Transaction confirmed successfully!");
}
// Subscription automatically ends after notification
}
};
// Track a payment or swap transaction
trackTransaction("YOUR_TRANSACTION_SIGNATURE_HERE");
// Monitor all transactions mentioning a specific address
const monitorAddress = (address) => {
const request = {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 6,
"method": "logsSubscribe",
"params": [
{
"mentions": [address]
},
{
"commitment": "confirmed"
}
]
};
ws.send(JSON.stringify(request));
};
ws.onmessage = (event) => {
const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
if (data.method === "logsNotification") {
const logs = data.params.result.value.logs;
const signature = data.params.result.value.signature;
console.log(`Transaction ${signature} mentioned our address`);
console.log("Logs:", logs);
// Parse logs for specific events or errors
if (logs.some(log => log.includes("Program failed"))) {
console.log("Transaction failed!");
}
}
};
// Monitor a token mint for all activity
monitorAddress("EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v");
Implementasi Siap Produksi
Berikut adalah implementasi WebSocket yang andal dengan logika koneksi ulang, penanganan kesalahan, dan pengelolaan status yang tepat:class WebSocketManager {
constructor(endpoint) {
this.endpoint = endpoint;
this.ws = null;
this.subscriptions = new Map();
this.isConnected = false;
}
async connect() {
this.ws = new WebSocket(this.endpoint);
this.ws.onopen = () => {
console.log('Connected');
this.isConnected = true;
this.resubscribeAll();
};
this.ws.onmessage = (event) => {
const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
// Handle subscription confirmations
if (data.result && typeof data.result === 'number') {
const sub = Array.from(this.subscriptions.values())
.find(s => s.requestId === data.id);
if (sub) sub.subscriptionId = data.result;
return;
}
// Handle notifications
if (data.method?.endsWith('Notification')) {
const sub = Array.from(this.subscriptions.values())
.find(s => s.subscriptionId === data.params.subscription);
if (sub?.callback) sub.callback(data.params.result);
}
};
this.ws.onclose = () => {
console.log('Disconnected');
this.isConnected = false;
// Implement reconnection logic here
};
}
subscribe(method, params, callback) {
const requestId = Date.now();
const subscription = { requestId, method, params, callback, subscriptionId: null };
this.subscriptions.set(requestId, subscription);
if (this.isConnected) {
this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({
jsonrpc: '2.0',
id: requestId,
method,
params
}));
}
return requestId;
}
resubscribeAll() {
for (const [id, sub] of this.subscriptions) {
sub.subscriptionId = null;
this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({
jsonrpc: '2.0',
id,
method: sub.method,
params: sub.params
}));
}
}
}
// Usage
const wsManager = new WebSocketManager('wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY');
await wsManager.connect();
// Subscribe to account changes
wsManager.subscribe(
'accountSubscribe',
['account-address-here', { commitment: 'confirmed' }],
(data) => console.log('Account updated:', data)
);
Jelajahi Metode WebSocket Lainnya
Contoh di atas mencakup jenis langganan yang paling umum digunakan, tetapi API WebSocket Solana menyediakan lebih banyak metode untuk kebutuhan pemantauan khusus.Complete WebSocket API Reference
Temukan lebih dari 18 metode WebSocket dengan dokumentasi, parameter, dan format respons yang mendetail.
Kasus Penggunaan di Dunia Nyata
Dasbor Perdagangan DeFi
class LiquidityPoolMonitor {
constructor(wsManager) {
this.wsManager = wsManager;
this.pools = new Map();
}
monitorPool(poolAddress, tokenAMint, tokenBMint) {
// Monitor the pool account itself
const poolSubscription = this.wsManager.subscribe(
'accountSubscribe',
[poolAddress, { encoding: 'base64', commitment: 'confirmed' }],
(data) => this.handlePoolUpdate(poolAddress, data)
);
// Monitor token reserves
const tokenASubscription = this.wsManager.subscribe(
'accountSubscribe',
[tokenAMint, { encoding: 'jsonParsed', commitment: 'confirmed' }],
(data) => this.handleReserveUpdate(poolAddress, 'tokenA', data)
);
const tokenBSubscription = this.wsManager.subscribe(
'accountSubscribe',
[tokenBMint, { encoding: 'jsonParsed', commitment: 'confirmed' }],
(data) => this.handleReserveUpdate(poolAddress, 'tokenB', data)
);
this.pools.set(poolAddress, {
poolSubscription,
tokenASubscription,
tokenBSubscription,
lastUpdate: Date.now()
});
}
handlePoolUpdate(poolAddress, data) {
// Decode pool state and calculate price
const poolState = this.decodePoolState(data.value.data);
console.log(`Pool ${poolAddress} updated:`);
console.log(`- Price: ${poolState.price}`);
console.log(`- Liquidity: ${poolState.liquidity}`);
console.log(`- Volume 24h: ${poolState.volume24h}`);
// Emit price update event
this.emitPriceUpdate(poolAddress, poolState);
}
handleReserveUpdate(poolAddress, tokenType, data) {
const tokenAmount = data.value.data.parsed.info.tokenAmount;
console.log(`${tokenType} reserve updated: ${tokenAmount.uiAmount}`);
// Update internal state and recalculate price
this.updatePoolPrice(poolAddress, tokenType, tokenAmount);
}
decodePoolState(data) {
// Implement pool state decoding based on DEX
// This is pseudo-code - actual implementation depends on the DEX
return {
price: 0,
liquidity: 0,
volume24h: 0
};
}
emitPriceUpdate(poolAddress, poolState) {
// Emit custom events for price updates
window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('poolPriceUpdate', {
detail: { poolAddress, ...poolState }
}));
}
}
// Usage
const poolMonitor = new LiquidityPoolMonitor(wsManager);
poolMonitor.monitorPool(
'POOL_ADDRESS',
'TOKEN_A_MINT',
'TOKEN_B_MINT'
);
Pelacak Portofolio
class PortfolioTracker {
constructor(wsManager) {
this.wsManager = wsManager;
this.watchedAddresses = new Set();
this.balances = new Map();
}
addWallet(walletAddress) {
if (this.watchedAddresses.has(walletAddress)) return;
this.watchedAddresses.add(walletAddress);
// Monitor SOL balance
const solSubscription = this.wsManager.subscribe(
'accountSubscribe',
[walletAddress, { encoding: 'jsonParsed', commitment: 'confirmed' }],
(data) => this.handleSolBalanceUpdate(walletAddress, data)
);
// Monitor all token accounts owned by this wallet
const tokenSubscription = this.wsManager.subscribe(
'programSubscribe',
[
'TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA',
{
encoding: 'jsonParsed',
commitment: 'confirmed',
filters: [
{ memcmp: { offset: 32, bytes: walletAddress } }
]
}
],
(data) => this.handleTokenBalanceUpdate(walletAddress, data)
);
console.log(`Now tracking portfolio for ${walletAddress}`);
}
handleSolBalanceUpdate(walletAddress, data) {
const lamports = data.value.lamports;
const solBalance = lamports / 1e9;
this.balances.set(`${walletAddress}:SOL`, solBalance);
console.log(`${walletAddress} SOL balance: ${solBalance}`);
this.emitBalanceUpdate(walletAddress, 'SOL', solBalance);
}
handleTokenBalanceUpdate(walletAddress, data) {
const tokenData = data.value.account.data.parsed.info;
const tokenMint = tokenData.mint;
const balance = parseFloat(tokenData.tokenAmount.uiAmount);
this.balances.set(`${walletAddress}:${tokenMint}`, balance);
console.log(`${walletAddress} token ${tokenMint} balance: ${balance}`);
this.emitBalanceUpdate(walletAddress, tokenMint, balance);
}
emitBalanceUpdate(walletAddress, asset, balance) {
window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('balanceUpdate', {
detail: { walletAddress, asset, balance, timestamp: Date.now() }
}));
}
getPortfolioValue(walletAddress) {
// Calculate total portfolio value in USD
// This would integrate with price feeds
let totalValue = 0;
for (const [key, balance] of this.balances) {
if (key.startsWith(walletAddress)) {
const asset = key.split(':')[1];
const price = this.getAssetPrice(asset); // Implement price lookup
totalValue += balance * price;
}
}
return totalValue;
}
}
Integrasi Marketplace NFT
class NFTActivityMonitor {
constructor(wsManager) {
this.wsManager = wsManager;
this.watchedCollections = new Map();
}
monitorCollection(collectionAddress, options = {}) {
const { includeListings = true, includeSales = true, includeCancellations = true } = options;
// Monitor the collection's update authority or creator address
const collectionSubscription = this.wsManager.subscribe(
'logsSubscribe',
[
{ mentions: [collectionAddress] },
{ commitment: 'confirmed' }
],
(data) => this.handleCollectionActivity(collectionAddress, data)
);
this.watchedCollections.set(collectionAddress, {
subscription: collectionSubscription,
options,
stats: {
listings: 0,
sales: 0,
volume: 0
}
});
console.log(`Monitoring NFT collection: ${collectionAddress}`);
}
handleCollectionActivity(collectionAddress, data) {
const logs = data.value.logs;
const signature = data.value.signature;
// Parse marketplace-specific logs
const activity = this.parseMarketplaceActivity(logs);
if (activity) {
console.log(`NFT Activity in ${collectionAddress}:`);
console.log(`- Type: ${activity.type}`);
console.log(`- Price: ${activity.price} SOL`);
console.log(`- Signature: ${signature}`);
// Update collection stats
this.updateCollectionStats(collectionAddress, activity);
// Emit activity event
this.emitNFTActivity(collectionAddress, activity, signature);
}
}
parseMarketplaceActivity(logs) {
// Parse Magic Eden, OpenSea, or other marketplace logs
for (const log of logs) {
// Magic Eden listing
if (log.includes('Instruction: List')) {
const price = this.extractPriceFromLog(log);
return { type: 'listing', price };
}
// Magic Eden sale
if (log.includes('Instruction: ExecuteSale')) {
const price = this.extractPriceFromLog(log);
return { type: 'sale', price };
}
// Listing cancellation
if (log.includes('Instruction: CancelBuy') || log.includes('Instruction: CancelSell')) {
return { type: 'cancellation', price: 0 };
}
}
return null;
}
extractPriceFromLog(log) {
// Extract price from marketplace logs - implementation depends on marketplace
// This is pseudo-code
const priceMatch = log.match(/price:\s*(\d+)/);
return priceMatch ? parseInt(priceMatch[1]) / 1e9 : 0;
}
updateCollectionStats(collectionAddress, activity) {
const collection = this.watchedCollections.get(collectionAddress);
if (!collection) return;
switch (activity.type) {
case 'listing':
collection.stats.listings++;
break;
case 'sale':
collection.stats.sales++;
collection.stats.volume += activity.price;
break;
}
}
emitNFTActivity(collectionAddress, activity, signature) {
window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('nftActivity', {
detail: {
collection: collectionAddress,
activity,
signature,
timestamp: Date.now()
}
}));
}
}
Contoh Integrasi React
import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
function WebSocketComponent() {
const [accountData, setAccountData] = useState(null);
const [wsManager, setWsManager] = useState(null);
useEffect(() => {
// Initialize WebSocket
const manager = new WebSocketManager('wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY');
manager.connect().then(() => {
// Subscribe to account changes
manager.subscribe(
'accountSubscribe',
['account-address-here', { commitment: 'confirmed' }],
(data) => setAccountData(data)
);
});
setWsManager(manager);
// Cleanup on unmount
return () => {
if (manager) manager.disconnect();
};
}, []);
return (
<div>
<h3>Account Monitor</h3>
{accountData ? (
<div>
<p>Balance: {accountData.value.lamports} lamports</p>
<p>Owner: {accountData.value.owner}</p>
</div>
) : (
<p>Waiting for account updates...</p>
)}
</div>
);
}
Pengoptimalan Performa
- Connection Management
- Memory Management
// Use connection pooling for multiple subscriptions
class WebSocketPool {
constructor(endpoint, maxConnections = 3) {
this.endpoint = endpoint;
this.connections = [];
this.maxConnections = maxConnections;
this.currentConnectionIndex = 0;
}
async getConnection() {
if (this.connections.length < this.maxConnections) {
const wsManager = new SolanaWebSocketManager(this.endpoint);
await wsManager.connect();
this.connections.push(wsManager);
return wsManager;
}
// Round-robin selection
const connection = this.connections[this.currentConnectionIndex];
this.currentConnectionIndex = (this.currentConnectionIndex + 1) % this.connections.length;
return connection;
}
}
// Implement subscription cleanup and memory management
class ManagedWebSocket extends SolanaWebSocketManager {
constructor(endpoint, options = {}) {
super(endpoint, options);
this.maxSubscriptions = options.maxSubscriptions || 100;
this.subscriptionHistory = [];
}
subscribe(method, params, callback) {
// Check subscription limit
if (this.subscriptions.size >= this.maxSubscriptions) {
this.cleanupOldSubscriptions();
}
const requestId = super.subscribe(method, params, callback);
// Track subscription for cleanup
this.subscriptionHistory.push({
requestId,
timestamp: Date.now(),
method
});
return requestId;
}
cleanupOldSubscriptions() {
// Remove oldest 10% of subscriptions
const toRemove = Math.floor(this.subscriptions.size * 0.1);
const sortedHistory = this.subscriptionHistory
.sort((a, b) => a.timestamp - b.timestamp);
for (let i = 0; i < toRemove && i < sortedHistory.length; i++) {
const sub = sortedHistory[i];
this.unsubscribe(sub.requestId);
// Remove from history
this.subscriptionHistory = this.subscriptionHistory
.filter(s => s.requestId !== sub.requestId);
}
}
}
Penanganan Kesalahan dan Debugging
Penanganan kesalahan yang andal sangat penting untuk aplikasi WebSocket produksi. Terapkan pola-pola ini untuk menangani masalah jaringan, batas laju, dan kesalahan API dengan baik.
class ErrorHandlingWebSocket extends SolanaWebSocketManager {
constructor(endpoint, options = {}) {
super(endpoint, options);
this.errorCounts = new Map();
this.maxErrorsPerMinute = options.maxErrorsPerMinute || 10;
}
handleMessage(data) {
try {
// Handle rate limiting
if (data.error && data.error.code === 429) {
console.warn('Rate limited, backing off...');
this.handleRateLimit();
return;
}
// Handle subscription errors
if (data.error && data.error.code === -32602) {
console.error('Invalid subscription parameters:', data.error.message);
this.handleInvalidSubscription(data.id);
return;
}
// Handle network errors
if (data.error && data.error.code === -32603) {
console.error('Internal server error:', data.error.message);
this.handleServerError();
return;
}
super.handleMessage(data);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Error processing WebSocket message:', error);
this.incrementErrorCount('message_processing');
}
}
handleRateLimit() {
// Exponential backoff for rate limiting
const backoffDelay = Math.min(1000 * Math.pow(2, this.reconnectAttempts), 30000);
setTimeout(() => {
if (this.subscriptions.size > 0) {
console.log('Retrying after rate limit...');
this.resubscribeAll();
}
}, backoffDelay);
}
handleInvalidSubscription(requestId) {
// Remove invalid subscription
const subscription = Array.from(this.subscriptions.entries())
.find(([id, sub]) => sub.requestId === requestId);
if (subscription) {
console.warn(`Removing invalid subscription: ${subscription[1].method}`);
this.subscriptions.delete(subscription[0]);
}
}
handleServerError() {
// Log server error and potentially switch endpoints
this.incrementErrorCount('server_error');
if (this.getErrorCount('server_error') > 5) {
console.error('Too many server errors, consider switching endpoints');
this.eventEmitter.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('tooManyServerErrors'));
}
}
incrementErrorCount(errorType) {
const now = Date.now();
const errors = this.errorCounts.get(errorType) || [];
// Add current error
errors.push(now);
// Remove errors older than 1 minute
const oneMinuteAgo = now - 60000;
const recentErrors = errors.filter(timestamp => timestamp > oneMinuteAgo);
this.errorCounts.set(errorType, recentErrors);
// Check if we're exceeding error threshold
if (recentErrors.length > this.maxErrorsPerMinute) {
console.error(`Too many ${errorType} errors in the last minute`);
this.eventEmitter.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('errorThresholdExceeded', {
detail: { errorType, count: recentErrors.length }
}));
}
}
getErrorCount(errorType) {
const errors = this.errorCounts.get(errorType) || [];
const oneMinuteAgo = Date.now() - 60000;
return errors.filter(timestamp => timestamp > oneMinuteAgo).length;
}
}
Langkah Berikutnya
API Reference
Dokumentasi lengkap untuk semua metode langganan WebSocket
WebSocket Overview
Jelajahi langganan WebSocket Helius, termasuk
transactionSubscribe dan filter accountSubscribe yang disempurnakanLaserStream
Tingkatkan ke LaserStream untuk streaming data ultra-cepat dengan pemutaran ulang historis
LaserStream Guide
Pelajari cara melakukan streaming pembaruan akun real-time menggunakan LaserStream