如何使用 Steel 编写 Solana 程序

// creates a new Steel project named `create-token`
steel new token

// enter directory
cd create-token

Cargo.toml (workspace)
⌙ api
  ⌙ Cargo.toml
  ⌙ src
    ⌙ consts.rs
    ⌙ error.rs
    ⌙ instruction.rs
    ⌙ lib.rs
    ⌙ sdk.rs
    ⌙ state
      ⌙ mod.rs
      ⌙ account_1.rs
      ⌙ account_2.rs
⌙ program
  ⌙ Cargo.toml
  ⌙ src
    ⌙ lib.rs
    ⌙ instruction_1.rs
    ⌙ instruction_2.rs

# you should be at the root of the `create-token` project

# enter the api/src directory
cd api/src

# delete the modules we don't need 
rm -rf state [consts.rs](<http://consts.rs/>) [error.rs](<http://error.rs/>)

pub mod instruction;
pub mod sdk;

pub mod prelude {
    pub use crate::instruction::*;
    pub use crate::sdk::*;
}

use steel::*;

// TODO Set program id
declare_id!("z7msBPQHDJjTvdQRoEcKyENgXDhSRYeHieN1ZMTqo35");

#[repr(u8)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, TryFromPrimitive)]
pub enum CreateTokenInstruction {
    Initialize = 0,
    Add = 1
}
While each instruction typically looks like this:
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Pod, Zeroable)]
pub struct Initialize {}

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Pod, Zeroable)]
pub struct Add {
    pub amount: [u8; 8]
}

instruction!(CreateTokenInstruction, Initialize);
instruction!(CreateTokenInstruction, Add);

use steel::*;

#[repr(u8)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, TryFromPrimitive)]
pub enum CreateTokenInstruction {
    Create = 0,
}

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Pod, Zeroable)]
pub struct Create {
    pub name: [u8; 32],
    pub symbol: [u8; 8],
    pub uri: [u8; 128],
    pub decimals: u8,
}

instruction!(CreateTokenInstruction, Create);

use steel::*;

use crate::prelude::*;

pub fn create(
    user: Pubkey,
    mint: Pubkey,
    name: [u8; 32],
    symbol: [u8; 8],
    uri: [u8; 128],
    decimals: u8,
) -> Instruction {
    let metadata = Pubkey::find_program_address(
        &[
            "metadata".as_bytes(),
            mpl_token_metadata::ID.as_ref(),
            mint.as_ref(),
        ],
        &mpl_token_metadata::ID,
    )
    .0;

    Instruction {
        program_id: crate::ID,
        accounts: vec![
            AccountMeta::new(user, true),
            AccountMeta::new(mint, true),
            AccountMeta::new(metadata, false),
            AccountMeta::new_readonly(spl_token::ID, false),
            AccountMeta::new_readonly(mpl_token_metadata::ID, false),
            AccountMeta::new_readonly(system_program::ID, false),
            AccountMeta::new_readonly(sysvar::rent::ID, false),
        ],
        data: Create {
            name,
            symbol,
            uri,
            decimals,
        }
        .to_bytes(),
    }
}

let metadata = Pubkey::find_program_address(
        &[
            "metadata".as_bytes(),
            mpl_token_metadata::ID.as_ref(),
            mint.as_ref(),
        ],
        &mpl_token_metadata::ID,
    )
    .0;

 Instruction {
        program_id: crate::ID,
        accounts: vec![
            AccountMeta::new(user, true),
            AccountMeta::new(mint, true),
            AccountMeta::new(metadata, false),
            AccountMeta::new_readonly(spl_token::ID, false),
            AccountMeta::new_readonly(mpl_token_metadata::ID, false),
            AccountMeta::new_readonly(system_program::ID, false),
            AccountMeta::new_readonly(sysvar::rent::ID, false),
        ],
        data: Create {
            name,
            symbol,
            uri,
            decimals,
        }
        .to_bytes(),
    }

program_id: crate::ID 

accounts: vec![
            AccountMeta::new(user, true),
            AccountMeta::new(mint, true),
            AccountMeta::new(metadata, false),
            AccountMeta::new_readonly(spl_token::ID, false),
            AccountMeta::new_readonly(mpl_token_metadata::ID, false),
            AccountMeta::new_readonly(system_program::ID, false),
            AccountMeta::new_readonly(sysvar::rent::ID, false),
        ],

data: Create {
            name,
            symbol,
            uri,
            decimals,
        }
        .to_bytes(),

error[E0433]: failed to resolve: use of undeclared crate or module `mpl_token_metadata`
  --> api/src/sdk.rs:16:13
   |
16 |             mpl_token_metadata::ID.as_ref(),
   |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ use of undeclared crate or module `mpl_token_metadata`

error[E0433]: failed to resolve: use of undeclared crate or module `mpl_token_metadata`
  --> api/src/sdk.rs:19:10
   |
19 |         &mpl_token_metadata::ID,
   |          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ use of undeclared crate or module `mpl_token_metadata`

error[E0433]: failed to resolve: use of undeclared crate or module `spl_token`
  --> api/src/sdk.rs:29:39
   |
29 |             AccountMeta::new_readonly(spl_token::ID, false),
   |                                       ^^^^^^^^^ use of undeclared crate or module `spl_token`

error[E0433]: failed to resolve: use of undeclared crate or module `mpl_token_metadata`
  --> api/src/sdk.rs:30:39
   |
30 |             AccountMeta::new_readonly(mpl_token_metadata::ID, false),
   |                                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ use of undeclared crate or module `mpl_token_metadata`

// /Cargo.toml

[workspace.dependencies]
...
...
mpl-token-metadata = "5.1.0"
spl-token = { version = "8.0.0", features = ["no-entrypoint"] }
In /api/Cargo.toml add: 
// /api/Cargo.toml

[dependencies]
...
...
mpl-token-metadata.workspace = true
spl-token.workspace = true

// /api/Cargo.toml

[dependencies]
...
...
mpl-token-metadata.workspace = true
spl-token.workspace = true

error[E0599]: no variant or associated item named `Initialize` found for enum `create_token_api::instruction::CreateTokenInstruction` in the current scope
  --> program/src/lib.rs:18:33
   |
18 |         CreateTokenInstruction::Initialize => process_initialize(accounts, data)?,
   |                                 ^^^^^^^^^^ variant or associated item not found in `CreateTokenInstruction`

error[E0599]: no variant or associated item named `Add` found for enum `create_token_api::instruction::CreateTokenInstruction` in the current scope
  --> program/src/lib.rs:19:33
   |
19 |         CreateTokenInstruction::Add => process_add(accounts, data)?,
   |                                 ^^^ variant or associated item not found in `CreateTokenInstruction`

mod create;

use create::*;

use create_token_api::prelude::*;
use steel::*;

pub fn process_instruction(
    program_id: &Pubkey,
    accounts: &[AccountInfo],
    data: &[u8],
) -> ProgramResult {
    let (ix, data) = parse_instruction(&create_token_api::ID, program_id, data)?;

    match ix {
        CreateTokenInstruction::Create => process_create(accounts, data)?,
    }

    Ok(())
}

entrypoint!(process_instruction);

 let (ix, data) = parse_instruction(&create_token_api::ID, program_id, data)?;

match ix {
        CreateTokenInstruction::Create => process_create(accounts, data)?,
    }

use create_token_api::prelude::*;
use solana_program::{msg, program_pack::Pack};
use steel::*;

pub fn process_create(accounts: &[AccountInfo<'_>], data: &[u8]) -> ProgramResult {
    // Load accounts.
    let [user_info, mint_info, metadata_info, token_program, token_metadata_program, system_program, rent_sysvar] =
        accounts
    else {
        return Err(ProgramError::NotEnoughAccountKeys);
    };

    // validate
    user_info.is_signer()?;
    mint_info.is_empty()?.is_signer()?;
    metadata_info.is_empty()?.is_writable()?;
    token_program.is_program(&spl_token::ID)?;
    token_metadata_program.is_program(&mpl_token_metadata::ID)?;
    system_program.is_program(&system_program::ID)?;
    rent_sysvar.is_sysvar(&sysvar::rent::ID)?;

    // create mint account
    create_account(
        user_info,
        mint_info,
        system_program,
        spl_token::state::Mint::LEN,
        &token_program.key,
    )?;

    msg!("create account");

    let args = Create::try_from_bytes(data)?;
    let name = bytes_to_string::<32>(&args.name)?;
    let symbol = bytes_to_string::<8>(&args.symbol)?;
    let uri = bytes_to_string::<128>(&args.uri)?;
    let decimals = args.decimals;
   
    // initialize mint
    initialize_mint(
        mint_info,
        user_info,
        Some(user_info),
        token_program,
        rent_sysvar,
        decimals,
    )?;

    msg!("initialize mint");

    // create metadata account
    mpl_token_metadata::instructions::CreateMetadataAccountV3Cpi {
        __program: token_metadata_program,
        metadata: metadata_info,
        mint: mint_info,
        mint_authority: user_info,
        payer: user_info,
        update_authority: (user_info, true),
        system_program,
        rent: Some(rent_sysvar),
        __args: mpl_token_metadata::instructions::CreateMetadataAccountV3InstructionArgs {
            data: mpl_token_metadata::types::DataV2 {
                name,
                symbol,
                uri,
                seller_fee_basis_points: 0,
                creators: None,
                collection: None,
                uses: None,
            },
            is_mutable: true,
            collection_details: None,
        },
    }
    .invoke()?;
    msg!("metadata account created");

    Ok(())
}

// Load accounts.
    let [user_info, mint_info, metadata_info, token_program, token_metadata_program, system_program, rent_sysvar] =
        accounts
    else {
        return Err(ProgramError::NotEnoughAccountKeys);
    };

// validate
user_info.is_signer()?; // user is a signer
mint_info.is_empty()?.is_signer()?; // mint is empty and is a signer
metadata_info.is_empty()?.is_writable()?; // metadata is empty and is writable
token_program.is_program(&spl_token::ID)?; // token program == spl_token::ID
token_metadata_program.is_program(&mpl_token_metadata::ID)?; // token meatadata == mpl_token_metadata::ID
system_program.is_program(&system_program::ID)?; // system program == system_program::ID
rent_sysvar.is_sysvar(&sysvar::rent::ID)?; // rent sysvar == sysvar::rent::ID

// create mint account
    create_account(
        user_info,
        mint_info,
        system_program,
        spl_token::state::Mint::LEN,
        &token_program.key,
    )?;

    let args = Create::try_from_bytes(data)?;
    let name = bytes_to_string::<32>(&args.name)?;
    let symbol = bytes_to_string::<8>(&args.symbol)?;
    let uri = bytes_to_string::<128>(&args.uri)?;
    let decimals = args.decimals;

// initialize mint
    initialize_mint(
        mint_info,
        user_info,
        Some(user_info),
        token_program,
        rent_sysvar,
        decimals,
    )?;

// create metadata account
    mpl_token_metadata::instructions::CreateMetadataAccountV3Cpi {
        __program: token_metadata_program,
        metadata: metadata_info,
        mint: mint_info,
        mint_authority: user_info,
        payer: user_info,
        update_authority: (user_info, true),
        system_program,
        rent: Some(rent_sysvar),
        __args: mpl_token_metadata::instructions::CreateMetadataAccountV3InstructionArgs {
            data: mpl_token_metadata::types::DataV2 {
                name,
                symbol,
                uri,
                seller_fee_basis_points: 0,
                creators: None,
                collection: None,
                uses: None,
            },
            is_mutable: true,
            collection_details: None,
        },
    }
    .invoke()?;

[dependencies]
...
...
mpl-token-metadata.workspace = true
spl-token.workspace = true

[workspace.dependencies]
...
...
steel = { version = "3.0", features = ["spl"] }

use create_token_api::prelude::*;
use solana_program::hash::Hash;
use solana_program_test::{processor, BanksClient, ProgramTest};
use solana_sdk::{
    program_pack::Pack, signature::Keypair, signer::Signer, transaction::Transaction,
};
use steel::*;

async fn setup() -> (BanksClient, Keypair, Hash) {
    let mut program_test = ProgramTest::new(
        "create_token_program",
        create_token_api::ID,
        processor!(create_token_program::process_instruction),
    );

    program_test.add_program("token_metadata", mpl_token_metadata::ID, None);

    program_test.prefer_bpf(true);
    program_test.start().await
}

#[tokio::test]
async fn run_test() {
    // Setup test
    let (mut banks, payer, blockhash) = setup().await;
    let mint_keypair = Keypair::new();

    let name = string_to_bytes::<32>("ANATOLY").unwrap();
    let symbol = string_to_bytes::<8>("MERT").unwrap();
    let uri = string_to_bytes::<128>("blah blah blah").unwrap();
    let decimals = 9;

    // Submit create transaction.
    let ix = create(
        payer.pubkey(),
        mint_keypair.pubkey(),
        name,
        symbol,
        uri,
        decimals,
    );
    let tx = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[ix],
        Some(&payer.pubkey()),
        &[&payer, &mint_keypair],
        blockhash,
    );
    let res = banks.process_transaction(tx).await;
    assert!(res.is_ok());

    let serialized_mint_data = banks
        .get_account(mint_keypair.pubkey())
        .await
        .unwrap()
        .unwrap()
        .data;

    let mint_data = spl_token::state::Mint::unpack(&serialized_mint_data).unwrap();
    assert!(mint_data.is_initialized);
    assert_eq!(mint_data.mint_authority.unwrap(), payer.pubkey());
    assert_eq!(mint_data.decimals, decimals);
}

async fn setup() -> (BanksClient, Keypair, Hash) {
    let mut program_test = ProgramTest::new(
        "create_token_program",
        create_token_api::ID,
        processor!(create_token_program::process_instruction),
    );

    program_test.add_program("token_metadata", mpl_token_metadata::ID, None);

    program_test.prefer_bpf(true);
    program_test.start().await
}

// Setup test
 let (mut banks, payer, blockhash) = setup().await;
 let mint_keypair = Keypair::new();

   let name = string_to_bytes::<32>("ANATOLY").unwrap();
    let symbol = string_to_bytes::<8>("MERT").unwrap();
    let uri = string_to_bytes::<128>("blah blah blah").unwrap();
    let decimals = 9;

// Submit create transaction.
    let ix = create(
        payer.pubkey(),
        mint_keypair.pubkey(),
        name,
        symbol,
        uri,
        decimals,
    );
    
    let tx = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
        &[ix],
        Some(&payer.pubkey()),
        &[&payer, &mint_keypair],
        blockhash,
    );
    
    let res = banks.process_transaction(tx).await;
    assert!(res.is_ok());

// get serialized data of mint account 
let serialized_mint_data = banks
        .get_account(mint_keypair.pubkey())
        .await
        .unwrap()
        .unwrap()
        .data;

// unpack the mint account data to get the SPL Mint information
let mint_data = spl_token::state::Mint::unpack(&serialized_mint_data).unwrap();

// check if the mint account was initilized 
assert!(mint_data.is_initialized);

// check if the mint authority matches the one we set
assert_eq!(mint_data.mint_authority.unwrap(), payer.pubkey());

// check if the decimals match
assert_eq!(mint_data.decimals, decimals);

// you have to be at the root of your project 

// create a folder called fixtures in program/tests 
// ProgramTest is going to check this folder for the ELF file for token metadata
mkdir program/tests/fixtures

// dump the ELF file for the Metaplex metadata program in the fixtures folder
solana program dump metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s program/tests/fixtures/token_metadata.so