> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://www.helius.dev/docs/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# 如何使用transactionSubscribe

> 使用`transactionSubscribe`流式传输Solana交易的实时更新。监控区块链活动，按账户筛选，并接收即时通知。

## 什么是`transactionSubscribe`?

`transactionSubscribe` WebSocket方法（为标准Solana WebSocket API的Helius扩展）支持实时交易事件。

要使用它，请提供`TransactionSubscribeFilter`，且可选地包含`TransactionSubscribeOptions`进行进一步定制。

`transactionSubscribe` 位于与标准 Solana 订阅方法相同的统一 `wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com` 和 `wss://devnet.helius-rpc.com` [端点](https://www.helius.dev/docs/api-reference/endpoints)。

### `TransactionSubscribeFilter`

* `vote`：布尔标志，用于包含/排除与投票相关的交易
* `failed`：布尔标志，用于包含/排除失败的交易
* `signature`：根据其签名过滤特定交易的更新
* `accountInclude`：要接收交易更新的账户列表。仅需一个账户包含在交易更新中（例如，账户 1 或 2）。
* `accountExclude`：要从交易更新中排除的账户列表
* `accountRequired`：交易必须包括所有指定的账户才能包含在更新中（例如，账户 1 和 2）。
* `tokenAccounts`：选择加入关联代币账户 (ATA) 扩展 (`balanceChanged`, `all`, 或 `none`)。参见下文的[监视钱包，包括代币转账](#watching-a-wallet-including-token-transfers)。

<Tip>
  您可以在`accountInclude`, `accountExclude`和`accountRequired`数组中包含最多50,000个地址。
</Tip>

### TransactionSubscribeOptions（可选）

* `commitment`：获取数据的承诺级别（`processed`, `confirmed`或`finalized`）
* `encoding`：返回数据的编码格式（`base58`, `base64`或`jsonParsed`）
* `transactionDetails`：返回数据的详细级别（`full`, `signatures`, `accounts`和`none`）
* `showRewards`：布尔标志，指示是否应在更新中包含奖励数据
* `maxSupportedTransactionVersion`：指定您想接收更新的最高版本交易。要获取遗留和v0交易，请将值设置为`0`。

<Info>
  `maxSupportedTransactionVersion` 是必需的，用于返回给定交易的账户和完整级别详细信息（即，`transactionDetails: "accounts" | "full"`）。
</Info>

## 交易订阅示例

在此示例中，我们订阅包含 Raydium 账户 `675kPX9MHTjS2zt1qfr1NYHuzeLXfQM9H24wFSUt1Mp8` 的交易。

当发生包含 `675k...1Mp8` 账户的交易，并出现在交易的 `accountKeys` 中时，我们将收到一个 WSS 通知。

根据订阅选项，交易通知将在 `processed` 承诺级别，`jsonParsed` 编码，`full` 交易详情下发送，并会显示奖励。

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript theme={"system"}
  const WebSocket = require('ws');

  // Create a WebSocket connection
  const ws = new WebSocket('wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=<API_KEY>');

  // Function to send a request to the WebSocket server
  function sendRequest(ws) {
      const request = {
          jsonrpc: "2.0",
          id: 420,
          method: "transactionSubscribe",
          params: [
              {
                  accountInclude: ["675kPX9MHTjS2zt1qfr1NYHuzeLXfQM9H24wFSUt1Mp8"]
              },
              {
                  commitment: "processed",
                  encoding: "jsonParsed",
                  transactionDetails: "full",
                  showRewards: true,
                  maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0
              }
          ]
      };
      ws.send(JSON.stringify(request));
  }

  // Function to send a ping to the WebSocket server
  function startPing(ws) {
      setInterval(() => {
          if (ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
              ws.ping();
              console.log('Ping sent');
          }
      }, 30000); // Ping every 30 seconds
  }

  // Define WebSocket event handlers

  ws.on('open', function open() {
      console.log('WebSocket is open');
      sendRequest(ws);  // Send a request once the WebSocket is open
      startPing(ws);    // Start sending pings
  });

  ws.on('message', function incoming(data) {
      const messageStr = data.toString('utf8');
      try {
          const messageObj = JSON.parse(messageStr);
          console.log('Received:', messageObj);
      } catch (e) {
          console.error('Failed to parse JSON:', e);
      }
  });

  ws.on('error', function error(err) {
      console.error('WebSocket error:', err);
  });

  ws.on('close', function close() {
      console.log('WebSocket is closed');
  });
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### 示例通知

<CodeGroup>
  ```json theme={"system"}
  {
      "jsonrpc": "2.0",
      "method": "transactionNotification",
      "params": {
          "subscription": 4743323479349712,
          "result": {
              "transaction": {
                  "transaction": [
                      "Ae6zfSExLsJ/E1+q0jI+3ueAtSoW+6HnuDohmuFwagUo2BU4OpkSdUKYNI1dJfMOonWvjaumf4Vv1ghn9f3Avg0BAAEDGycH0OcYRpfnPNuu0DBQxTYPWpmwHdXPjb8y2P200JgK3hGiC2JyC9qjTd2lrug7O4cvSRUVWgwohbbefNgKQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA0HcpwKokfYDDAJTaF/TWRFWm0Gz5/me17PRnnywHurMBAgIAAQwCAAAAoIYBAAAAAAA=",
                      "base64"
                  ],
                  "meta": {
                      "err": null,
                      "status": {
                          "Ok": null
                      },
                      "fee": 5000,
                      "preBalances": [
                          28279852264,
                          158122684,
                          1
                      ],
                      "postBalances": [
                          28279747264,
                          158222684,
                          1
                      ],
                      "innerInstructions": [],
                      "logMessages": [
                          "Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]",
                          "Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success"
                      ],
                      "preTokenBalances": [],
                      "postTokenBalances": [],
                      "rewards": null,
                      "loadedAddresses": {
                          "writable": [],
                          "readonly": []
                      },
                      "computeUnitsConsumed": 0
                  }
              },
              "signature": "5moMXe6VW7L7aQZskcAkKGQ1y19qqUT1teQKBNAAmipzdxdqVLAdG47WrsByFYNJSAGa9TByv15oygnqYvP6Hn2p",
              "slot": 224341380,
              "transactionIndex": 42
          }
      }
  }
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## 监视钱包，包括代币转账

当您使用 `accountInclude` 监视钱包时，只匹配钱包公钥直接出现在账户密钥中的交易。一个常见的情况没有匹配到：当有人向钱包发送 SPL 代币（例如 USDC）时，转账涉及的是钱包的**关联代币账户 (ATA)**，而不是钱包公钥—因此简单的 `accountInclude: [wallet]` 订阅从未看到它。

设置 `tokenAccounts` 字段以扩展匹配，使被监视的账户也匹配其**拥有**代币余额的交易：

* `balanceChanged`：当钱包拥有的代币余额在交易中变更（或其代币账户被关闭）时匹配。用于“告诉我何时资金实际移动”。这是更窄、低量的最常见选择。
* `all`：匹配任何引用钱包拥有的代币余额的交易，即使未更改。流量更大。
* `none`：不扩展。与省略字段相同（默认）。

匹配基于所有者：它捕获钱包拥有的任何代币账户，包括非规范账户，而不仅仅是派生的 ATA 地址。无效值会返回 JSON-RPC 错误 `-32602`。省略 `tokenAccounts` 的订阅行为与之前完全相同。有关 ATA 扩展工作原理的协议无关概述（以及 gRPC 上的相同字段），请参阅[代币账户 (ATA) 过滤](/zh/laserstream/token-account-filtering)。

```javascript theme={"system"}
const ws = new WebSocket('wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=<API_KEY>');

ws.on('open', () => {
  ws.send(JSON.stringify({
    jsonrpc: '2.0',
    id: 1,
    method: 'transactionSubscribe',
    params: [
      {
        accountInclude: ['<WALLET_PUBKEY>'],
        tokenAccounts: 'balanceChanged' // also match the wallet's ATAs
      },
      { commitment: 'confirmed', encoding: 'jsonParsed', maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0 }
    ]
  }));
  setInterval(() => ws.ping(), 30_000);
});

ws.on('message', (data) => {
  const msg = JSON.parse(data.toString());
  const result = msg.params?.result;
  if (!result) return;
  // Token balances this wallet owns that changed in the tx
  const owned = (result.transaction.meta.postTokenBalances || [])
    .filter((b) => b.owner === '<WALLET_PUBKEY>');
  console.log(result.signature, owned);
});
```

## 监控新的Jupiter DCA

Jupiter DCA，或称为定期定额投资，是在Solana上安排定期交易的一种方式。由于这些计划的买/卖订单是在链上记录的，交易者可以使用`transactionSubscribe`方法和[`getAsset`](/zh/api-reference/das/getasset)来监听新订单。

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript theme={"system"}
  const WebSocket = require('ws');   
  const bs58      = require('bs58').default;

  /* ───────────────────── 1.  CONFIG ──────────────────────────── */
  const API_KEY   = process.env.HELIUS_API_KEY || (() => { throw new Error('Set HELIUS_API_KEY'); })();
  const HELIUS_WS  = `wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com?api-key=${API_KEY}`;
  const HELIUS_RPC = `https://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=${API_KEY}`;
  const DCA_PROGRAM_ID = 'DCA265Vj8a9CEuX1eb1LWRnDT7uK6q1xMipnNyatn23M';

  /* ───────────────────── 2.  BINARY DECODER ──────────────────── */
  function decodeOpenDcaV2(base58Data) {
    const buf = Buffer.from(bs58.decode(base58Data));
    return {
      appIdx:    buf.readBigUInt64LE(8), // Application Index
      inAmount:  buf.readBigUInt64LE(16), // Input Amount
      perCycle:  buf.readBigUInt64LE(24), // Per Cycle
      interval:  buf.readBigUInt64LE(32) // Interval
    };
  }

  const TOKEN_META = new Map();   // mint → { symbol, decimals }
  /**
   * Fetch symbol & decimals for a mint once then cache.
   * Uses Helius getAsset DAS method: https://www.helius.dev/docs/api-reference/das/getasset
   */
  async function getMeta(mint) {
    if (TOKEN_META.has(mint)) return TOKEN_META.get(mint);

    const body = {
      jsonrpc: '2.0',
      id:      'meow',
      method:  'getAsset',
      params:  { id: mint, displayOptions: { showFungible: true } }
    };

    const { result } = await fetch(HELIUS_RPC, {
      method:  'POST',
      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
      body:    JSON.stringify(body)
    }).then(r => r.json());

    const tokenInfo = result.token_info || {};
    const metadata = { symbol: tokenInfo.symbol || '?', decimals: tokenInfo.decimals ?? 0 };
    TOKEN_META.set(mint, metadata);
    return metadata;
  }

  /* ───────────────────── 4.  PRETTY HELPERS ──────────────────── */
  function formatTimestamp(unixSeconds) {
      return new Date(Number(unixSeconds) * 1_000)
               .toISOString()
               .replace('T', ' ')
               .replace('.000Z', ' UTC');
  }
  function formatInterval(seconds) {
      if (seconds % 86_400 === 0) return `every ${seconds / 86_400}d`;
      if (seconds %  3_600 === 0) return `every ${seconds /  3_600}h`;
      if (seconds %     60 === 0) return `every ${seconds /     60}m`;
      return `every ${seconds}s`;
    }

    function formatAmount(raw, decimals, symbol) {
      const ui = Number(raw) / 10 ** decimals;
      return `${ui} ${symbol}`;
    }
  /* ───────────────────── 5.  WEBSOCKET SETUP ─────────────────── */
  const ws = new WebSocket(HELIUS_WS);

  ws.on('open', () => {
    ws.send(JSON.stringify({
      jsonrpc: '2.0',
      id:      1,
      method:  'transactionSubscribe',
      params: [
        { failed: false, accountInclude: [DCA_PROGRAM_ID] },
        {
          commitment: 'confirmed',
          encoding:   'jsonParsed',
          transactionDetails: 'full',
          maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0
        }
      ]
    }));

    setInterval(() => ws.ping(), 10_000);
  });

  /* ───────────────────── 6.  MAIN MESSAGE HANDLER ────────────── */
  ws.on('message', async raw => {
    const payload = JSON.parse(raw);
    const result  = payload.params?.result;
    if (!result) return;

    // Look for the `OpenDcaV2` log message
    const logs = result.transaction.meta.logMessages || [];
    if (!logs.some(l => l.includes('OpenDcaV2'))) return;

    // loop through all instructions in the transaction to find the DCA instruction
    for (const ix of result.transaction.transaction.message.instructions) {
      if (ix.programId !== DCA_PROGRAM_ID) continue;

      try {
        // 1) decode binary payload
        const d = decodeOpenDcaV2(ix.data);

        // 2) fetch token symbols / decimals (cached)
        const [inMeta, outMeta] = await Promise.all([
          getMeta(ix.accounts[3]),   // input mint
          getMeta(ix.accounts[4])    // output mint
        ]);

        // 3) create a nice looking table
        console.table({
          user:        ix.accounts[2],
          pair:        `${inMeta.symbol} → ${outMeta.symbol}`,
          opened:      formatTimestamp(d.appIdx),
          'total in':  formatAmount(d.inAmount,  inMeta.decimals, inMeta.symbol),
          'per cycle': formatAmount(d.perCycle,  inMeta.decimals, inMeta.symbol),
          interval:    formatInterval(Number(d.interval))
        });
      } catch (e) {}
    }
  });

  ws.on('error', console.error);

  ws.on('close', () => process.exit(1));
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### 示例通知

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintcdn.com/helius/RGuN9Tphu9J_7kRM/images/enhanced-websockets-example-1.png?fit=max&auto=format&n=RGuN9Tphu9J_7kRM&q=85&s=0cbc0eb2c0eecf83b37217011cb9e3c7" width="566" height="622" data-path="images/enhanced-websockets-example-1.png" />
</Frame>

## 监控新的pump.fun代币

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript theme={"system"}
  const WebSocket = require('ws');

  const KEY    = process.env.HELIUS_API_KEY ?? (() => { throw new Error('Set HELIUS_API_KEY'); })();
  const WS_URL = `wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com?api-key=${KEY}`;
  const PUMP_FUN_PROG = '6EF8rrecthR5Dkzon8Nwu78hRvfCKubJ14M5uBEwF6P';

  /* ────────── 2.  OPEN WEBSOCKET & SUBSCRIBE ──────────────────── */
  const ws = new WebSocket(WS_URL);

  ws.on('open', () => {
    ws.send(JSON.stringify({
      jsonrpc : '2.0',
      id      : 1,
      method  : 'transactionSubscribe',
      params  : [
        { failed:false, accountInclude:[PUMP_FUN_PROG] },
        { commitment:'confirmed', encoding:'jsonParsed',
          transactionDetails:'full', maxSupportedTransactionVersion:0 }
      ]
    }));
    // ping every 10 s so we don't get dropped
    setInterval(() => ws.ping(), 10_000);
  });

  /* ────────── 3.  MESSAGE HANDLER ─────────────────────────────── */
  ws.on('message', raw => {
    const payload = JSON.parse(raw);
    const result  = payload.params?.result;
    if (!result) return;

    const logs = result.transaction.meta.logMessages || [];
    // filter for the pump.fun "InitializeMint2" log
    if (!logs.some(l => l.includes('Instruction: InitializeMint2'))) return;

    const sig   = result.signature;    // transaction signature
    const keys  = result.transaction.transaction.message.accountKeys
                               .map(k => k.pubkey);
    //   keys[0] → creator wallet
    //   keys[1] → the new token
    console.table({
      tx:      sig,
      creator: keys[0],
      token:   keys[1]
    });
  });

  ws.on('error', console.error);
  ws.on('close', () => process.exit(1));  
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### 示例通知

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintcdn.com/helius/RGuN9Tphu9J_7kRM/images/enhanced-websockets-example-2.png?fit=max&auto=format&n=RGuN9Tphu9J_7kRM&q=85&s=8febc28503381b0da3cd0f1bb40459cb" width="738" height="355" data-path="images/enhanced-websockets-example-2.png" />
</Frame>

## 管理订阅

### 订阅ID

当`transactionSubscribe`成功时，服务器会在`result`字段中返回一个订阅ID。这是每个来自该订阅的通知中出现的`params.subscription`中的相同号码：

<CodeGroup>
  ```json Subscribe Response theme={"system"}
  {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": 4743323479349712,
    "id": 420
  }
  ```

  ```json Notification theme={"system"}
  {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "transactionNotification",
    "params": {
      "subscription": 4743323479349712,
      "result": {}
    }
  }
  ```
</CodeGroup>

存储响应中的订阅ID。取消订阅时需要它。

### 取消订阅

要停止接收通知，请使用订阅ID调用`transactionUnsubscribe`。同一连接上的每个`transactionSubscribe`调用都会创建一个具有自己ID的独立订阅，因此请确保在重新订阅之前取消订阅以避免接收重复通知。

<CodeGroup>
  ```json Request theme={"system"}
  {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": 421,
    "method": "transactionUnsubscribe",
    "params": [4743323479349712]
  }
  ```

  ```json Response theme={"system"}
  {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "result": true,
    "id": 421
  }
  ```
</CodeGroup>

在此示例中，我们订阅了Raydium交易，从服务器的响应中获取订阅ID，然后使用该ID取消订阅。在调用`transactionUnsubscribe`后，短时间内可能仍会有一些传输中的消息到达。这是预期行为。

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript theme={"system"}
  const WebSocket = require('ws');

  const ws = new WebSocket('wss://mainnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=<API_KEY>');
  let subscriptionId = null;

  ws.on('open', () => {
      ws.send(JSON.stringify({
          jsonrpc: '2.0',
          id: 420,
          method: 'transactionSubscribe',
          params: [
              { accountInclude: ['675kPX9MHTjS2zt1qfr1NYHuzeLXfQM9H24wFSUt1Mp8'] },
              {
                  commitment: 'processed',
                  encoding: 'jsonParsed',
                  transactionDetails: 'full',
                  maxSupportedTransactionVersion: 0,
              },
          ],
      }));
      setInterval(() => ws.ping(), 30000);
  });

  ws.on('message', (data) => {
      const msg = JSON.parse(data.toString());

      // Capture the subscription ID from the subscribe response
      if (msg.id === 420 && msg.result !== undefined) {
          subscriptionId = msg.result;
          console.log('Subscribed, ID:', subscriptionId);
          return;
      }

      // Handle transaction notifications
      if (msg.method === 'transactionNotification') {
          console.log('Received:', msg.params.result.signature);
      }
  });

  function unsubscribe() {
      if (subscriptionId !== null) {
          ws.send(JSON.stringify({
              jsonrpc: '2.0',
              id: 421,
              method: 'transactionUnsubscribe',
              params: [subscriptionId],
          }));
          subscriptionId = null;
      }
  }
  ```
</CodeGroup>