> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://www.helius.dev/docs/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Deposit

> Guide to deposit SOL, SPL, or Token 2022 assets into a private balance with a full code example.

1. A deposit moves tokens from the user's public Solana balance into their own or someone else's private balance.
2. Deposits are sent in a single Solana transaction to a Solana wallet address.

#### Deposit: What Is Private

| Field                      | Visibility | Why                                                |
| -------------------------- | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| Source public wallet       | Public     | The source wallet address is visible onchain       |
| Asset                      | Public     | The asset is visible onchain                       |
| Amount                     | Public     | The deposited amount is visible onchain            |
| Destination wallet address | Public     | The destination wallet address is visible onchain  |
| Resulting private balance  | Private    | The resulting private balance is encrypted onchain |

<Info>
  The permissionless Ring is confidential with encrypted amount and asset.
  A custom Ring can be configured as confidential or anonymous (encrypted sender, recipient, asset, and amount).
</Info>

## How a Deposit Works

A deposit is a public Solana transfer with a resulting private balance.

1. The user's SOL or SPL balance is public onchain.
2. The wallet sets amount and recipient, builds the deposit, and the owner signs. A deposit does not request a ZK proof.
3. The Solana runtime verifies the signatures and invokes the Solana Privacy Program.
4. The app tracks status via the Solana transaction hash.

```mermaid theme={"system"}
%%{init: {
  'theme': 'base',
  'themeVariables': {
    'lineColor':           '#FF6B35',
    'primaryTextColor':    '#737373',
    'primaryBorderColor':  '#9CA3AF',
    'actorBkg':            '#FFFFFF',
    'actorBorder':         '#9CA3AF',
    'actorTextColor':      '#737373',
    'signalColor':         '#FF6B35',
    'signalTextColor':     '#737373',
    'labelBoxBkgColor':    '#FF6B351F',
    'labelBoxBorderColor': '#FF6B35',
    'noteBkgColor':        '#F5F5F5',
    'noteTextColor':       '#737373',
    'noteBorderColor':     '#9CA3AF'
  }
}}%%
sequenceDiagram
    participant Wallet
    participant RPC as RPC Provider
    participant Solana

    Wallet->>RPC: Get public balance
    RPC-->>Wallet: Public state
    Note over Wallet: Set amount and recipient
    Note over Wallet: Build deposit, sign
    Wallet->>RPC: Submit Transaction
    RPC->>Solana: Forward transaction
    Note over Solana: Verify signatures
    Note over Solana: CPI Solana Privacy Program
    RPC-->>Wallet: Transaction signature
```

<Accordion title="Compare to Solana Transfer">
  1. The user's SOL or SPL balance is public onchain.
  2. The wallet reads public state, builds a transfer, and the owner signs.
  3. The Solana runtime verifies the signatures and invokes the System Program or Token Program, which updates the public balance.
  4. The app tracks status via the Solana transaction hash.

  ```mermaid theme={"system"}
  %%{init: {
    'theme': 'base',
    'themeVariables': {
      'lineColor':           '#FF6B35',
      'primaryTextColor':    '#737373',
      'primaryBorderColor':  '#9CA3AF',
      'actorBkg':            '#FFFFFF',
      'actorBorder':         '#9CA3AF',
      'actorTextColor':      '#737373',
      'signalColor':         '#FF6B35',
      'signalTextColor':     '#737373',
      'labelBoxBkgColor':    '#FF6B351F',
      'labelBoxBorderColor': '#FF6B35',
      'noteBkgColor':        '#F5F5F5',
      'noteTextColor':       '#737373',
      'noteBorderColor':     '#9CA3AF'
    }
  }}%%
  sequenceDiagram
      participant Wallet
      participant RPC
      participant Solana

      Wallet->>RPC: Get public balance
      RPC-->>Wallet: Public state
      Note over Wallet: Build transfer, owner signs
      Wallet->>RPC: sendTransaction
      RPC->>Solana: Forward transaction
      Note over Solana: Verify signatures
      Note over Solana: CPI System / Token Program
      Note over Solana: Update balance
      RPC-->>Wallet: Transaction signature
  ```
</Accordion>

<Info>
  This is the high-level transaction flow for the permissionless confidential Ring.
  Compare to custom Rings in [concepts](/docs/privacy/concepts#high-level-transaction-flow).
</Info>

# Get Started

<Tabs>
  <Tab title="TypeScript Client">
    <Steps>
      <Step>
        ### Prerequisites

        <Info>
          The TypeScript examples require Node.js 24 or later, pnpm 11.18.0, and the Solana CLI.
        </Info>

        ```bash theme={"system"}
        pnpm add @heliuslabs/zolana @solana/kit
        ```

        Source: [sdk-libs/ts](https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana/tree/main/sdk-libs/ts)

        <Accordion title="Connect to Endpoints">
          <Tabs>
            <Tab title="Devnet">
              ```bash theme={"system"}
              pnpm install
              cp .env.example .env
              ```

              Add a [Helius API key](https://dashboard.helius.dev/):

              ```bash .env theme={"system"}
              API_KEY=YOUR_API_KEY
              ZOLANA_PAYER_KEYPAIR=~/.config/solana/id.json
              ```

              ```ts theme={"system"}
              import { createZolanaClient } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";

              const client = await createZolanaClient({
                solanaRpcUrl: "https://devnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY",
                indexerUrl: "http://zolnet-devnet-1779374825.eu-north-1.elb.amazonaws.com",
                proverUrl: "http://zolnet-devnet-1779374825.eu-north-1.elb.amazonaws.com:3001",
                allowInsecureHttp: true,
              });
              ```

              The examples use the Solana CLI wallet as the payer by default. The payer must hold devnet SOL. See [How to Get Devnet SOL](/docs/rpc/devnet-sol).
            </Tab>

            <Tab title="Localnet">
              On localnet the SDK starts the local test validator (`:8899`), Photon indexer (`:8784`), and prover (`:3001`), and the
              client connects to them automatically without needing endpoint configuration.

              ```bash theme={"system"}
              cargo install --git https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana --tag v0.1.0-alpha zolana-cli
              zolana dev start
              ```

              ```ts theme={"system"}
              import { createZolanaClient } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";

              const client = await createZolanaClient({});
              ```
            </Tab>
          </Tabs>
        </Accordion>
      </Step>

      <Step>
        ### Deposit to a Private Balance

        <Accordion title="Solana Kit send helper">
          ```typescript theme={"system"}
          import {
            appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
            assertIsTransactionWithBlockhashLifetime,
            createTransactionMessage,
            getSignatureFromTransaction,
            pipe,
            sendTransactionWithoutConfirmingFactory,
            setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
            setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
            signTransactionMessageWithSigners,
            type Instruction,
            type Signature,
            type TransactionSigner,
          } from "@solana/kit";
          import { createZolanaClient } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";

          type Client = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof createZolanaClient>>;

          export interface ConfirmedTransaction {
            readonly signature: Signature;
            readonly slot: bigint;
          }

          export function sendAndConfirmFactory(
            client: Client,
            feePayer: TransactionSigner,
          ): (instructions: readonly Instruction[]) => Promise<ConfirmedTransaction> {
            const sendTransaction = sendTransactionWithoutConfirmingFactory({
              rpc: client.solanaRpc,
            });

            return async function sendAndConfirm(
              instructions: readonly Instruction[],
            ): Promise<ConfirmedTransaction> {
              const { value: lifetime } = await client.solanaRpc
                .getLatestBlockhash()
                .send();
              const signed = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(
                pipe(
                  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
                  (message) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, message),
                  (message) =>
                    setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(lifetime, message),
                  (message) =>
                    appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, message),
                ),
              );
              assertIsTransactionWithBlockhashLifetime(signed);
              await sendTransaction(signed, { commitment: "confirmed" });
              const signature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signed);
              const slot = await client.confirmTransaction(signature);
              return { signature, slot };
            };
          }
          ```

          * The SDK returns instructions. The app signs and sends them.
          * `sendAndConfirmFactory` builds a Kit transaction, submits it, and returns the signature plus the landed slot.
        </Accordion>

        <Tabs>
          <Tab title="SOL">
            ```typescript theme={"system"}
            import {
              depositInstruction,
              DepositAsset,
            } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/interface";
            import { randomBlinding } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/keypair";
            import { sendAndConfirmFactory } from "../src/lib.js";


              const sendAndConfirm = sendAndConfirmFactory(
                client,
                senderSigner,
              );
              const senderViewTag =
                senderAddress.confidentialViewTag();
              const depositIx = await depositInstruction({
                tree: client.tree,
                depositor: senderSigner,
                deposits: [
                  {
                    asset: DepositAsset.sol(),
                    viewTag: senderViewTag,
                    recipientOwnerHash:
                      senderAddress.ownerHash(),
                    blinding: randomBlinding(),
                    amount: DEPOSIT_AMOUNT,
                  },
                ],
              });

              const depositTx = await sendAndConfirm([
                depositIx,
              ]);
            ```
          </Tab>

          <Tab title="SPL">
            ```typescript theme={"system"}
            import {
              depositInstruction,
              DepositAsset,
            } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/interface";
            import { randomBlinding } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/keypair";
            import { sendAndConfirmFactory } from "../src/lib.js";


              const sendAndConfirm = sendAndConfirmFactory(
                client,
                senderSigner,
              );
              const senderViewTag =
                senderAddress.confidentialViewTag();
              const depositIx = await depositInstruction({
                tree: client.tree,
                depositor: senderSigner,
                deposits: [
                  {
                    asset: DepositAsset.spl({
                      mint: spl.mint,
                      sourceTokenAccount: spl.sourceTokenAccount,
                      tokenProgram: spl.tokenProgram,
                    }),
                    viewTag: senderViewTag,
                    recipientOwnerHash:
                      senderAddress.ownerHash(),
                    blinding: randomBlinding(),
                    amount: DEPOSIT_AMOUNT,
                  },
                ],
              });

              const depositTx = await sendAndConfirm([
                depositIx,
              ]);
            ```
          </Tab>
        </Tabs>

        <AccordionGroup>
          <Accordion title="1. Move public tokens into the sender's private balance">
            ```typescript theme={"system"}
            import {
              depositInstruction,
              DepositAsset,
            } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/interface";
            import { randomBlinding } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/keypair";

            const senderViewTag =
              senderAddress.confidentialViewTag();
            const depositIx = await depositInstruction({
              tree: client.tree,
              depositor: senderSigner,
              deposits: [
                {
                  asset: DepositAsset.sol(),
                  viewTag: senderViewTag,
                  recipientOwnerHash:
                    senderAddress.ownerHash(),
                  blinding: randomBlinding(),
                  amount: DEPOSIT_AMOUNT,
                },
              ],
            });
            ```

            * `senderAddress` is the recipient's <Tooltip tip="The public key bundle (signing, nullifier, and viewing keys) published in a user's registry record. Not an onchain address.">Shielded Address</Tooltip>. This example deposits to the sender. The recipient can be the sender or a third-party wallet.
            * `senderViewTag` is `senderAddress.confidentialViewTag()`, the sender's Solana public key in confidential rings. The indexer uses it to return matching encrypted outputs.
            * `client.tree` is the state Merkle tree that receives the new output commitment.
            * `depositor` / `senderSigner` funds and signs the public-to-private deposit.
            * `DepositAsset.sol()` selects SOL. `DepositAsset.spl` takes the mint, source token account, and token program for SPL and Token 2022 assets.
            * `recipientOwnerHash` is `senderAddress.ownerHash()`. That hash of the recipient's signing and nullifier public keys is the owner field committed in the new private token account.
            * `randomBlinding()` adds randomness to the private token account commitment.
            * `DEPOSIT_AMOUNT` uses lamports for SOL, or the token's base units for SPL and Token 2022 assets.
          </Accordion>

          <Accordion title="2. Send like any Solana transaction">
            ```typescript theme={"system"}
            import { sendAndConfirmFactory } from "../src/lib.js";

            const depositTx = await sendAndConfirm([
              depositIx,
            ]);
            ```

            * `sendAndConfirm` signs and submits `depositIx` as a Solana transaction.
            * Confirmation yields the landed slot used to gate the indexer fetch.
          </Accordion>
        </AccordionGroup>
      </Step>
    </Steps>

    ### Full Code Example

    Clone and run the example:

    ```bash theme={"system"}
    git clone https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana-examples.git
    cd zolana-examples/typescript-client
    pnpm install
    pnpm example examples/deposit_transfer_withdraw.ts
    ```

    <Info>
      The examples use a confidential Ring on local/devnet [here](https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana-examples/blob/main/typescript-client/examples/deposit_transfer_withdraw.ts).
    </Info>

    ```typescript deposit_transfer_withdraw.ts expandable theme={"system"}
    import {
      SOL_MINT,
      createZolanaClient,
    } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
    import { atSlot } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/client";
    import {
      depositInstruction,
      transactInstruction,
      DepositAsset,
      TransactWithdrawal,
    } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/interface";
    import { randomBlinding } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/keypair";
    import {
      AssetRegistry,
      ConfidentialTransfer,
      ProofInputUtxo,
      decryptToBalances,
      WithdrawalTarget,
    } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/transaction";

    import {
      sendAndConfirmFactory,
      setup,
    } from "../src/lib.js";

    const DEPOSIT_AMOUNT = 1_000_000_000n;
    const TRANSFER_AMOUNT = 300_000_000n;
    const WITHDRAW_AMOUNT = 300_000_000n;

    async function main(): Promise<void> {
      const {
        sender: senderKeypair,
        recipient: recipientKeypair,
        clientConfig,
      } = await setup();

      // Connect to Helius devnet RPC plus the Photon indexer and prover.
      const client =
        await createZolanaClient(clientConfig);

      // Initialize the sender's private wallet and local authority
      // to decrypt transactions and sync balances.
      // The Solana signer and private wallet are derived from the same Ed25519 seed.
      const senderSigner =
        senderKeypair.toSolanaSigner();
      const senderAddress =
        senderKeypair.shieldedAddress();
      const recipient =
        recipientKeypair.shieldedAddress();

      // The SDK hands back instructions; the app owns signing and sending.
      const sendAndConfirm = sendAndConfirmFactory(
        client,
        senderSigner,
      );

      // Mints that are registered with Solana Rings for privacy.
      const assets = new AssetRegistry();

      // Deposit SOL into the sender's private balance.
      // A deposit from a public balance reveals
      // sender, recipient, asset and amount.
      // Alternatively, you can onramp fiat directly to a private balance.

      // 1. Move public SOL into the sender's private balance.
      // The view tag is the sender's Solana public key in confidential rings.
      // Used by the indexer to fetch the sender's UTXOs.
      const senderViewTag =
        senderAddress.confidentialViewTag();
      const depositIx = await depositInstruction({
        tree: client.tree,
        depositor: senderSigner,
        deposits: [
          {
            asset: DepositAsset.sol(),
            viewTag: senderViewTag,
            recipientOwnerHash:
              senderAddress.ownerHash(),
            blinding: randomBlinding(),
            amount: DEPOSIT_AMOUNT,
          },
        ],
      });

      // 2. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; confirmation yields the landed slot.
      const depositTx = await sendAndConfirm([
        depositIx,
      ]);

      // 3. Fetch transaction outputs from the indexer, gated on the deposit's slot.
      // The indexer returns encrypted outputs by view tag.
      const depositResponse =
        await client.getShieldedTransactionsByTags(
          { tags: [senderViewTag] },
          atSlot(depositTx.slot),
        );

      // 4. The sender decrypts the transaction outputs locally to read the private balance.
      const balancesAfterDeposit =
        await decryptToBalances({
          keypair: senderKeypair,
          registry: assets,
          transactions: depositResponse.transactions,
        });
      const depositBalance =
        balancesAfterDeposit.balance(SOL_MINT);
      if (depositBalance.amount !== DEPOSIT_AMOUNT) {
        throw new Error(
          `expected deposit amount ${DEPOSIT_AMOUNT}, got ${depositBalance.amount}`,
        );
      }
      if (depositBalance.utxos.length !== 1) {
        throw new Error(
          `expected 1 deposit utxo, got ${depositBalance.utxos.length}`,
        );
      }

      // Confidential SOL transfer to the recipient's private balance.
      // A confidential transfer reveals only sender and recipient,
      // not the asset or amount.

      // 1. Select private token accounts (UTXOs) that make up the private balance for the transfer.
      const transferUtxo = depositBalance.utxos[0]!;

      // 2. Prepare the selected UTXOs as inputs for the zero-knowledge proof.
      const transferInput =
        ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair(
          transferUtxo,
          senderKeypair,
        );

      // 3. Build and sign the confidential transfer.
      // Signing encrypts the asset and amount and produces the proof inputs for the ZK prover.
      const transfer = new ConfidentialTransfer(
        senderAddress,
        [transferInput],
        senderSigner.address,
      );
      transfer.send(
        recipient,
        SOL_MINT,
        TRANSFER_AMOUNT,
      );
      const transferProofInputs = transfer.sign(
        senderKeypair,
        assets,
      );

      // 4. Fetch the ZK proof to prove the sender can spend the balance without revealing asset and amount.
      const transferData = await client.proveTransact(
        transferProofInputs,
      );

      // 5. Build the instruction with the state Merkle tree and Solana accounts required for the transfer.
      // Private transfers move balances only between private token accounts, not public token accounts.
      const transferInstruction = transactInstruction(
        {
          payer: senderSigner,
          inputTree: client.tree,
          outputTree: client.tree,
          data: transferData,
        },
      );

      // 6. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; confirmation yields the landed slot.
      const transferTx = await sendAndConfirm([
        transferInstruction,
      ]);

      // 7. Fetch the sender's UTXOs again, gated on the transfer's slot,
      // and read the remaining private balance.
      const transferResponse =
        await client.getShieldedTransactionsByTags(
          { tags: [senderViewTag] },
          atSlot(transferTx.slot),
        );
      const balancesAfterTransfer =
        await decryptToBalances({
          keypair: senderKeypair,
          registry: assets,
          transactions: transferResponse.transactions,
        });
      const transferBalance =
        balancesAfterTransfer.balance(SOL_MINT);
      if (
        transferBalance.amount !==
        DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT
      ) {
        throw new Error(
          `expected remaining amount ${DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT}, got ${transferBalance.amount}`,
        );
      }
      if (transferBalance.utxos.length !== 1) {
        throw new Error(
          `expected 1 transfer utxo, got ${transferBalance.utxos.length}`,
        );
      }

      // Withdraw SOL from the sender's private balance to their public balance.
      // A withdrawal reveals the sender, recipient, asset, and amount.

      // 1. Select private token accounts (UTXOs) that make up the private balance for the withdrawal.
      const withdrawalUtxo =
        transferBalance.utxos[0]!;

      // 2. Prepare the selected UTXOs as inputs for the zero-knowledge proof.
      const withdrawalInput =
        ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair(
          withdrawalUtxo,
          senderKeypair,
        );

      // 3. Build and sign the private-to-public withdrawal.
      // Signing encrypts the asset and amount of the remaining private balance
      // and produces the proof inputs for the ZK prover.
      const withdrawal = new ConfidentialTransfer(
        senderAddress,
        [withdrawalInput],
        senderSigner.address,
      );
      withdrawal.withdraw(
        SOL_MINT,
        WITHDRAW_AMOUNT,
        WithdrawalTarget.sol({
          recipient: senderSigner.address,
        }),
      );
      const withdrawalProofInputs = withdrawal.sign(
        senderKeypair,
        assets,
      );

      // 4. Fetch the ZK proof to prove the sender can spend the balance.
      const withdrawalData =
        await client.proveTransact(
          withdrawalProofInputs,
        );

      // 5. Build the instruction with the state Merkle tree and Solana accounts required for the withdrawal.
      const withdrawalInstruction =
        transactInstruction({
          payer: senderSigner,
          inputTree: client.tree,
          outputTree: client.tree,
          withdrawal: TransactWithdrawal.sol({
            recipient: senderSigner.address,
          }),
          data: withdrawalData,
        });

      // 6. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; confirmation yields the landed slot.
      const withdrawalTx = await sendAndConfirm([
        withdrawalInstruction,
      ]);

      // 7. Fetch the sender's UTXOs again, gated on the withdrawal's slot,
      // and read the remaining private balance.
      const withdrawalResponse =
        await client.getShieldedTransactionsByTags(
          { tags: [senderViewTag] },
          atSlot(withdrawalTx.slot),
        );
      const balancesAfterWithdrawal =
        await decryptToBalances({
          keypair: senderKeypair,
          registry: assets,
          transactions:
            withdrawalResponse.transactions,
        });
      const withdrawalBalance =
        balancesAfterWithdrawal.balance(SOL_MINT);
      if (
        withdrawalBalance.amount !==
        DEPOSIT_AMOUNT -
          TRANSFER_AMOUNT -
          WITHDRAW_AMOUNT
      ) {
        throw new Error(
          `expected remaining amount ${DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT - WITHDRAW_AMOUNT}, got ${withdrawalBalance.amount}`,
        );
      }
      if (withdrawalBalance.utxos.length !== 1) {
        throw new Error(
          `expected 1 withdrawal utxo, got ${withdrawalBalance.utxos.length}`,
        );
      }

      // 8. Read remaining private balance and the public balance.
      const solanaBalance = await client.getBalance(
        senderSigner.address,
      );
      console.log(
        `withdraw private_balance=${withdrawalBalance.amount} ` +
          `solana_balance=${solanaBalance} tx=${withdrawalTx.signature}`,
      );
    }

    await main();
    ```
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="Rust Client">
    <Steps>
      <Step>
        ### Prerequisites

        <Info>
          The Rust examples require the latest stable Rust toolchain and the Solana CLI v4.0.2. See the [Solana installation guide](https://solana.com/docs/intro/installation).
        </Info>

        ```toml Cargo.toml theme={"system"}
        [dependencies]
        zolana-client = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.1.0-alpha", features = ["indexer-api", "solana-rpc"] }
        zolana-interface = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.1.0-alpha", features = ["solana"] }
        zolana-keypair = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.1.0-alpha" }
        zolana-transaction = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.1.0-alpha" }
        ```

        Source: [sdk-libs/client](https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana/tree/v0.1.0-alpha/sdk-libs/client)

        <Accordion title="Connect to Endpoints">
          <Tabs>
            <Tab title="Devnet">
              Add a [Helius API key](https://dashboard.helius.dev/):

              ```bash .env theme={"system"}
              API_KEY=YOUR_API_KEY
              ZOLANA_PAYER_KEYPAIR=~/.config/solana/id.json
              ```

              ```rust theme={"system"}
              use solana_address::Address;
              use zolana_client::{SolanaRpc, ZolanaClient};
              use zolana_interface::DEFAULT_TREE_ADDRESS;

              let tree: Address = DEFAULT_TREE_ADDRESS.parse()?;
              let client = ZolanaClient::from_urls_allowing_insecure_http(
                  SolanaRpc::new("https://devnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY"),
                  "http://zolnet-devnet-1779374825.eu-north-1.elb.amazonaws.com",
                  "http://zolnet-devnet-1779374825.eu-north-1.elb.amazonaws.com:3001",
                  tree,
              );
              ```

              The examples use the Solana CLI wallet as the payer by default. The payer must hold devnet SOL. See [How to Get Devnet SOL](/docs/rpc/devnet-sol).
            </Tab>

            <Tab title="Localnet">
              ```bash theme={"system"}
              cargo install --git https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana --tag v0.1.0-alpha zolana-cli
              zolana dev start
              ```

              ```rust theme={"system"}
              use solana_address::Address;
              use zolana_client::{SolanaRpc, ZolanaClient};
              use zolana_interface::DEFAULT_TREE_ADDRESS;

              let tree: Address = DEFAULT_TREE_ADDRESS.parse()?;
              let client = ZolanaClient::from_urls(
                  SolanaRpc::new("http://127.0.0.1:8899"),
                  "http://127.0.0.1:8784",
                  "http://127.0.0.1:3001",
                  tree,
              )?;
              ```
            </Tab>
          </Tabs>
        </Accordion>
      </Step>

      <Step>
        ### Deposit to a Private Balance

        ```rust theme={"system"}
        use zolana_interface::instruction::{AssetDeposit, Deposit, DepositAsset};
        use zolana_keypair::random_blinding;


        let deposit_ix = Deposit {
            tree,
            depositor: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
            deposits: vec![AssetDeposit {
                asset: DepositAsset::Sol,
                // SPL: asset: DepositAsset::Spl(zolana_interface::instruction::DepositSplAccounts {
                // SPL:     mint: spl.mint,
                // SPL:     user_token: spl.user_token_account,
                // SPL:     token_program: spl.token_program,
                // SPL: }),
                view_tag: sender_shielded_address.confidential_view_tag()?,
                owner: sender_shielded_address.owner_hash()?,
                blinding: random_blinding(),
                amount: DEPOSIT_AMOUNT,
                utxo_data: None,
                memo: None,
            }],
        }
        .instruction()?;
        ```

        <AccordionGroup>
          <Accordion title="1. Move public SOL into the sender's private balance">
            ```rust theme={"system"}
            use zolana_interface::instruction::{AssetDeposit, Deposit, DepositAsset};
            use zolana_keypair::random_blinding;


                // 1. Move public SOL into the sender's private balance.
                    let deposit_ix = Deposit {
                        tree,
                        depositor: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
                        deposits: vec![AssetDeposit {
                            asset: DepositAsset::Sol,
                            // SPL: asset: DepositAsset::Spl(zolana_interface::instruction::DepositSplAccounts {
                            // SPL:     mint: spl.mint,
                            // SPL:     user_token: spl.user_token_account,
                            // SPL:     token_program: spl.token_program,
                            // SPL: }),
                            view_tag: sender_shielded_address.confidential_view_tag()?,
                            owner: sender_shielded_address.owner_hash()?,
                            blinding: random_blinding(),
                            amount: DEPOSIT_AMOUNT,
                            utxo_data: None,
                            memo: None,
                        }],
                    }
                    .instruction()?;
            ```

            * `sender_shielded_address` is the recipient's <Tooltip tip="The public key bundle (signing, nullifier, and viewing keys) published in a user's registry record. Not an onchain address.">Shielded Address</Tooltip>. This example deposits to the sender. The recipient can be the sender or a third-party wallet.
            * `view_tag` is `sender_shielded_address.confidential_view_tag()`, the sender's Solana public key in confidential rings. The indexer uses it to return matching encrypted outputs.
            * `tree` is the state Merkle tree that receives the new output commitment.
            * `depositor` / `sender_solana_keypair` funds and signs the public-to-private deposit.
            * `DepositAsset::Sol` selects SOL. The `// SPL:` comments show `DepositAsset::Spl` with mint, source token account, and token program for SPL and Token 2022 assets.
            * `owner` is `sender_shielded_address.owner_hash()`. That hash of the recipient's signing and nullifier public keys is the owner field committed in the new private token account.
            * `random_blinding()` adds randomness to the private token account commitment.
            * `DEPOSIT_AMOUNT` uses lamports for SOL, or the token's base units for SPL and Token 2022 assets. `utxo_data` and `memo` are `None`.
          </Accordion>

          <Accordion title="2. Send like any Solana transaction">
            ```rust theme={"system"}
            use zolana_client::Rpc;

            let signature = client.create_and_send_transaction(
                &[deposit_ix],
                sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
                &[&sender_solana_keypair],
            )?;
            let slot = landed_slot(&client, signature)?;
            ```

            * `create_and_send_transaction` signs and submits `deposit_ix` as a Solana transaction.
            * `landed_slot` reads the confirmation slot used to gate the indexer fetch.
            * `sender_solana_keypair` pays the fee and authorizes the public-to-private deposit.
          </Accordion>
        </AccordionGroup>
      </Step>
    </Steps>

    ## Full Code Example

    Clone and run the example:

    ```bash theme={"system"}
    git clone https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana-examples.git
    cd zolana-examples/rust-client
    cargo run -p rust-client-example --example deposit_transfer_withdraw
    ```

    <Info>
      The examples use a confidential Ring on local/devnet [here](https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana-examples/blob/main/rust-client/examples/deposit_transfer_withdraw.rs).
    </Info>

    ```rust deposit_transfer_withdraw.rs expandable theme={"system"}
    use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
    use rust_client_example::{setup, SetupContext};
    use solana_signature::Signature;
    use solana_signer::Signer;
    use zolana_client::{IndexerRpcConfig, Rpc, SolanaRpc, ZolanaClient};
    use zolana_interface::instruction::{
        AssetDeposit, Deposit, DepositAsset, Transact, TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts,
        TransactSolTransferAccounts,
    };
    use zolana_keypair::random_blinding;
    use zolana_transaction::{
        decrypt_transactions,
        instructions::{
            transact::{ConfidentialTransfer, SettlementTarget},
            types::SppProofInputUtxo,
        },
        AssetRegistry, SOL_MINT,
    };

    const DEPOSIT_AMOUNT: u64 = 1_000_000_000;
    const TRANSFER_AMOUNT: u64 = 300_000_000;
    const WITHDRAW_AMOUNT: u64 = 300_000_000;

    fn main() -> Result<()> {
        let SetupContext {
            rpc_url,
            indexer_url,
            prover_url,
            tree,
            sender,
            recipient_address,
        } = setup()?;

        // Load the funded fee payer and devnet settings, then connect.
        // Photon and the prover are HTTP on this ALB, so the constructor permits that.
        let client = ZolanaClient::from_urls_allowing_insecure_http(
            SolanaRpc::new(rpc_url),
            &indexer_url,
            prover_url,
            tree,
        );

        // Mints that are registered with Solana Rings for privacy.
        let assets = AssetRegistry::default();
        // SPL: assets.insert(spl.asset_id, spl.mint)?;

        // Initialize the sender's private wallet and local authority
        // to decrypt transactions and sync balances.
        // The Solana signer and private wallet are derived from the same Ed25519 seed.
        let sender_solana_keypair = sender.to_solana_keypair()?;
        let sender_shielded_address = sender.shielded_address()?;

        // Deposit SOL into the sender's private balance.
        // A deposit from a public balance reveals
        // sender, recipient, asset and amount.
        // Alternatively, you can onramp fiat directly to a private balance.

        // 1. Move public SOL into the sender's private balance.
        let sender_balances_after_deposit = {
            let deposit_ix = Deposit {
                tree,
                depositor: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
                deposits: vec![AssetDeposit {
                    asset: DepositAsset::Sol,
                    // SPL: asset: DepositAsset::Spl(zolana_interface::instruction::DepositSplAccounts {
                    // SPL:     mint: spl.mint,
                    // SPL:     user_token: spl.user_token_account,
                    // SPL:     token_program: spl.token_program,
                    // SPL: }),
                    view_tag: sender_shielded_address.confidential_view_tag()?,
                    owner: sender_shielded_address.owner_hash()?,
                    blinding: random_blinding(),
                    amount: DEPOSIT_AMOUNT,
                    utxo_data: None,
                    memo: None,
                }],
            }
            .instruction()?;

            // 2. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; the landed slot gates
            // the indexer fetch below.
            let signature = client.create_and_send_transaction(
                &[deposit_ix],
                sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
                &[&sender_solana_keypair],
            )?;
            let slot = landed_slot(&client, signature)?;

            // 3. Fetch transaction outputs from the indexer, gated on the deposit's slot.
            // The indexer returns encrypted outputs by view tag, the sender's public key in Confidential Rings.
            let sender_tag = sender_shielded_address.confidential_view_tag()?;
            let response = client.get_shielded_transactions_by_tags(
                vec![sender_tag],
                None,
                Some(50),
                Some(IndexerRpcConfig::at_slot(slot)),
            )?;

            // 4. The sender decrypts the transaction outputs locally to update the private balance.
            let balances = decrypt_transactions(&sender, &response.transactions, &assets)
                .map_err(|e| anyhow!("decrypt sender transactions: {e:?}"))?;

            let sender_balance = balances
                .get_balance(SOL_MINT)
                // SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
                .expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo");
            assert_eq!(sender_balance.amount, DEPOSIT_AMOUNT);
            assert_eq!(sender_balance.utxos.len(), 1);

            balances
        };

        // Confidential SOL transfer to the recipient's private balance.
        // A confidential transfer reveals only sender and recipient,
        // not the asset or amount.
        let sender_balances_after_transfer = {
            // 1. Select UTXOs that make up the private balance for the transfer.
            let transfer_utxo = sender_balances_after_deposit
                .get_balance(SOL_MINT)
                // SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
                .and_then(|balance| balance.utxos.first())
                .expect("failed to fetch deposited utxo")
                .clone();

            // 2. Prepare the selected UTXOs as inputs for the zero-knowledge proof.
            let transfer_input_utxo = SppProofInputUtxo::new(transfer_utxo, &sender);

            // 3. Build and sign the confidential transfer.
            // Signing encrypts the asset and amount and produces the proof inputs for the ZK prover.
            let mut transfer = ConfidentialTransfer::new(
                sender_shielded_address,
                vec![transfer_input_utxo],
                sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
            );
            transfer.send(&recipient_address, SOL_MINT, TRANSFER_AMOUNT)?;
            // SPL: transfer.send(&recipient_address, spl.mint, TRANSFER_AMOUNT)?;
            let proof_inputs = transfer.sign(&sender, &assets)?;

            // 4. Fetch the zk proof to prove the sender can spend the balance without revealing asset and amount.
            let transfer_data = client.prove_transact(tree, proof_inputs, None)?;

            // 5. Construct the instruction.
            let transfer_ix = Transact {
                payer: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
                input_tree: tree,
                output_tree: tree,
                owner_signers: Vec::new(),
                interface_transfer_accounts: Vec::new(),
                data: transfer_data,
            }
            .instruction();

            // 6. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; confirmation yields the landed slot.
            let signature = client.create_and_send_transaction(
                &[transfer_ix],
                sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
                &[&sender_solana_keypair],
            )?;
            let slot = landed_slot(&client, signature)?;

            // 7. Sync the sender's wallet, gated on the transfer's slot, and read
            // the remaining private balance.
            let sender_tag = sender_shielded_address.confidential_view_tag()?;
            let response = client.get_shielded_transactions_by_tags(
                vec![sender_tag],
                None,
                Some(50),
                Some(IndexerRpcConfig::at_slot(slot)),
            )?;
            let sender_balances = decrypt_transactions(&sender, &response.transactions, &assets)
                .map_err(|e| anyhow!("decrypt sender transactions: {e:?}"))?;
            let sender_balance = sender_balances
                .get_balance(SOL_MINT)
                // SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
                .expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo");
            assert_eq!(sender_balance.amount, DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT);
            assert_eq!(sender_balance.utxos.len(), 1);

            sender_balances
        };

        // Withdraw SOL back to the sender's public balance.
        // A withdrawal from a confidential balance reveals
        // sender, recipient, asset and amount.
        {
            // 1. Select UTXOs that make up the private balance for the withdrawal.
            let withdrawal_utxo = sender_balances_after_transfer
                .get_balance(SOL_MINT)
                // SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
                .and_then(|balance| balance.utxos.first())
                .expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo")
                .clone();

            // 2. Prepare the selected UTXOs as inputs for the zero-knowledge proof.
            let withdrawal_input_utxo = SppProofInputUtxo::new(withdrawal_utxo, &sender);

            // 3. Build and sign the confidential withdrawal.
            // Signing encrypts the private change and produces the ZK prover inputs.
            let mut withdrawal = ConfidentialTransfer::new(
                sender_shielded_address,
                vec![withdrawal_input_utxo],
                sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
            );
            withdrawal.withdraw(
                SOL_MINT,
                WITHDRAW_AMOUNT,
                SettlementTarget::Sol {
                    user_sol_account: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
                },
            )?;
            // SPL: withdrawal.withdraw(
            // SPL:     spl.mint,
            // SPL:     WITHDRAW_AMOUNT,
            // SPL:     SettlementTarget::Spl {
            // SPL:         user_spl_token: spl.user_token_account,
            // SPL:         spl_token_interface: spl.vault,
            // SPL:     },
            // SPL: )?;
            let proof_inputs = withdrawal.sign(&sender, &assets)?;

            // 4. Fetch the ZK proof to prove the sender can spend the balance.
            let withdrawal_data = client.prove_transact(tree, proof_inputs, None)?;

            // 5. Combine the proof and withdrawal accounts in a single instruction.
            let withdraw_ix = Transact {
                payer: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
                input_tree: tree,
                output_tree: tree,
                owner_signers: Vec::new(),
                interface_transfer_accounts: vec![TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts::Sol(
                    TransactSolTransferAccounts {
                        recipient: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
                    },
                )],
                // SPL: interface_transfer_accounts: vec![
                // SPL:     TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts::SplWithdrawal(
                // SPL:         zolana_interface::instruction::TransactSplWithdrawalAccounts {
                // SPL:             mint: spl.mint,
                // SPL:             vault: spl.vault,
                // SPL:             user_token_account: spl.user_token_account,
                // SPL:             token_program: spl.token_program,
                // SPL:         },
                // SPL:     ),
                // SPL: ],
                data: withdrawal_data,
            }
            .instruction();

            // 6. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction.
            let signature = client.create_and_send_transaction(
                &[withdraw_ix],
                sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
                &[&sender_solana_keypair],
            )?;
            let slot = landed_slot(&client, signature)?;

            // 7. Sync the sender's wallet, gated on the withdrawal's slot, and read
            // the remaining private balance.
            let sender_tag = sender_shielded_address.confidential_view_tag()?;
            let response = client.get_shielded_transactions_by_tags(
                vec![sender_tag],
                None,
                Some(50),
                Some(IndexerRpcConfig::at_slot(slot)),
            )?;
            let sender_balances = decrypt_transactions(&sender, &response.transactions, &assets)
                .map_err(|e| anyhow!("decrypt sender transactions: {e:?}"))?;
            let sender_balance = sender_balances
                .get_balance(SOL_MINT)
                // SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
                .expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo");
            assert_eq!(
                sender_balance.amount,
                DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT - WITHDRAW_AMOUNT
            );
            assert_eq!(sender_balance.utxos.len(), 1);

            // 8. Read remaining private balance and the public SOL balance.
            let solana_balance = client.get_balance(sender_solana_keypair.pubkey())?;
            println!("withdraw solana_balance={solana_balance} tx={signature}");
            // SPL: println!(
            // SPL:     "withdraw user_token={} tx={signature}",
            // SPL:     spl.user_token_account,
            // SPL: );
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Slot the confirmed transaction landed in, which drives the indexer
    /// freshness gate on the fetches that read the transaction back.
    fn landed_slot(client: &ZolanaClient<SolanaRpc>, signature: Signature) -> Result<u64> {
        client
            .get_signature_statuses(vec![signature])?
            .first()
            .and_then(|status| status.as_ref())
            .map(|status| status.slot)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("transaction status missing after confirmation"))
    }
    ```
  </Tab>
</Tabs>

## Related Guides

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Transfer" icon="arrow-right-arrow-left" href="/docs/privacy/guides/transfer" horizontal />

  <Card title="Withdraw" icon="arrow-up-from-bracket" href="/docs/privacy/guides/withdraw" horizontal />

  <Card title="Read a Private Balance" icon="wallet" href="/docs/privacy/guides/read-balance" horizontal />

  <Card title="Read Private History" icon="clock-rotate-left" href="/docs/privacy/guides/read-history" horizontal />
</CardGroup>

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