> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://www.helius.dev/docs/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
# Transfert
> Guide pour transférer des actifs SOL, SPL ou Token 2022 entre des soldes privés avec un exemple de code complet.
1. Un transfert privé déplace des tokens dans un anneau entre des portefeuilles privés.
2. Les transferts privés sont envoyés dans une seule transaction Solana vers une adresse de portefeuille Solana.
#### Transfert : ce qui est privé
| Field | Visibility | Why |
| --------------------- | ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Asset | Private | The asset is encrypted onchain |
| Amount | Private | The transferred amount is encrypted onchain |
| Source private wallet | Public | In a confidential Ring the source private wallet is visible onchain. |
| Recipient | Public | In a confidential Ring the recipient is visible onchain. |
Transfers from and within a ring reveal the program ID of the custom Ring.
A balance in a Custom Ring can exit to an SPL token account, to the Default Ring, or to another Ring, as long as the source Ring's policy permits it.
The default Ring is permissionless and does not have a policy or authority.
One transaction can combine balances from the Default Ring and one Custom Ring. A transfer between two Custom Rings routes through the Default Ring.
| Private transfer | Custom confidential Rings | Custom anonymous Rings | Default confidential to or from Custom confidential | Confidential (Default or Custom) to Custom anonymous | Custom anonymous to confidential (Default or Custom) |
| ---------------------- | ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Amount | Private | Private | Private | Private | Private |
| Asset | Private | Private | Private | Private | Private |
| Source private wallet | Public | Private. A relayer submits the transaction, so the public ledger does not reveal the source private wallet. | Public | Public | Private. A relayer submits the transaction, so the public ledger does not reveal the source private wallet. |
| Recipient | Public | Private | Public | Private | Public |
| Custom Ring program ID | Public | Public | Public | Public | Public |
L'anneau sans permission est confidentiel avec un montant et un actif chiffrés.
Un anneau personnalisé peut être configuré comme confidentiel ou anonyme (expéditeur, destinataire, actif et montant chiffrés).
## Comment fonctionne un transfert
Un transfert privé se comporte de manière similaire à un transfert public Solana :
1. Le solde SOL ou SPL de l'utilisateur est chiffré sur la chaîne.
2. L'utilisateur déchiffre l'état privé, le portefeuille crée un transfert et le propriétaire signe.
* Récupérer l'état chiffré avec des méthodes RPC dédiées. Seul l'utilisateur peut déchiffrer les soldes localement.
* Le portefeuille définit le montant et le destinataire, puis demande une preuve ZK. Le fournisseur RPC génère la preuve ZK par défaut et la renvoie.
3. Le runtime Solana vérifie les signatures et invoque le programme de confidentialité Solana, qui vérifie la preuve ZK sans révéler l'état chiffré.
4. L'application suit le statut via le hash de la transaction Solana.
```mermaid theme={"system"}
%%{init: {
'theme': 'base',
'themeVariables': {
'lineColor': '#FF6B35',
'primaryTextColor': '#737373',
'primaryBorderColor': '#9CA3AF',
'actorBkg': '#FFFFFF',
'actorBorder': '#9CA3AF',
'actorTextColor': '#737373',
'signalColor': '#FF6B35',
'signalTextColor': '#737373',
'labelBoxBkgColor': '#FF6B351F',
'labelBoxBorderColor': '#FF6B35',
'noteBkgColor': '#F5F5F5',
'noteTextColor': '#737373',
'noteBorderColor': '#9CA3AF'
}
}}%%
sequenceDiagram
participant Wallet
participant RPC as RPC Provider
participant Solana
Wallet->>RPC: Fetch encrypted state
RPC-->>Wallet: Encrypted state
Note over Wallet: Decrypt
Note over Wallet: Set amount and recipient
Wallet->>RPC: Request ZK proof
Note over RPC: Generate ZK proof
RPC-->>Wallet: ZK proof
Note over Wallet: Build transaction, sign
Wallet->>RPC: Submit Transaction
RPC->>Solana: Forward transaction
Note over Solana: Verify signatures
Note over Solana: CPI Solana Privacy Program
Note over Solana: Verify ZK proof
RPC-->>Wallet: Transaction signature
```
1. Le solde SOL ou SPL de l'utilisateur est public sur la chaîne.
2. Le portefeuille lit l'état public, construit un transfert et le propriétaire signe.
3. Le runtime Solana vérifie les signatures et invoque le programme système ou le programme token, qui met à jour le solde public.
4. L'application suit le statut via le hash de la transaction Solana.
```mermaid theme={"system"}
%%{init: {
'theme': 'base',
'themeVariables': {
'lineColor': '#FF6B35',
'primaryTextColor': '#737373',
'primaryBorderColor': '#9CA3AF',
'actorBkg': '#FFFFFF',
'actorBorder': '#9CA3AF',
'actorTextColor': '#737373',
'signalColor': '#FF6B35',
'signalTextColor': '#737373',
'labelBoxBkgColor': '#FF6B351F',
'labelBoxBorderColor': '#FF6B35',
'noteBkgColor': '#F5F5F5',
'noteTextColor': '#737373',
'noteBorderColor': '#9CA3AF'
}
}}%%
sequenceDiagram
participant Wallet
participant RPC
participant Solana
Wallet->>RPC: Get public balance
RPC-->>Wallet: Public state
Note over Wallet: Build transfer, owner signs
Wallet->>RPC: sendTransaction
RPC->>Solana: Forward transaction
Note over Solana: Verify signatures
Note over Solana: CPI System / Token Program
Note over Solana: Update balance
RPC-->>Wallet: Transaction signature
```
Voici le flux de transaction de haut niveau pour l'anneau confidentiel sans permission.
Comparez avec les anneaux personnalisés dans [concepts](/docs/fr/privacy/concepts#flux-de-transaction-à-haut-niveau).
## Commencer
### Prérequis
The TypeScript examples require Node.js 24 or later, pnpm 11.18.0, and the Solana CLI.
```bash theme={"system"}
pnpm add @heliuslabs/zolana @solana/kit
```
Source: [sdk-libs/ts](https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana/tree/main/sdk-libs/ts)
```bash theme={"system"}
pnpm install
cp .env.example .env
```
Add a [Helius API key](https://dashboard.helius.dev/):
```bash .env theme={"system"}
API_KEY=YOUR_API_KEY
ZOLANA_PAYER_KEYPAIR=~/.config/solana/id.json
```
```ts theme={"system"}
import { createZolanaClient } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
const client = await createZolanaClient({
solanaRpcUrl: "https://devnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY",
indexerUrl: "http://zolnet-devnet-1779374825.eu-north-1.elb.amazonaws.com",
proverUrl: "http://zolnet-devnet-1779374825.eu-north-1.elb.amazonaws.com:3001",
allowInsecureHttp: true,
});
```
The examples use the Solana CLI wallet as the payer by default. The payer must hold devnet SOL. See [How to Get Devnet SOL](/docs/rpc/devnet-sol).
On localnet the SDK starts the local test validator (`:8899`), Photon indexer (`:8784`), and prover (`:3001`), and the
client connects to them automatically without needing endpoint configuration.
```bash theme={"system"}
cargo install --git https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana --tag v0.1.0-alpha zolana-cli
zolana dev start
```
```ts theme={"system"}
import { createZolanaClient } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
const client = await createZolanaClient({});
```
### Transférer vers un solde privé
```typescript theme={"system"}
import {
appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
assertIsTransactionWithBlockhashLifetime,
createTransactionMessage,
getSignatureFromTransaction,
pipe,
sendTransactionWithoutConfirmingFactory,
setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
signTransactionMessageWithSigners,
type Instruction,
type Signature,
type TransactionSigner,
} from "@solana/kit";
import { createZolanaClient } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
type Client = Awaited>;
export interface ConfirmedTransaction {
readonly signature: Signature;
readonly slot: bigint;
}
export function sendAndConfirmFactory(
client: Client,
feePayer: TransactionSigner,
): (instructions: readonly Instruction[]) => Promise {
const sendTransaction = sendTransactionWithoutConfirmingFactory({
rpc: client.solanaRpc,
});
return async function sendAndConfirm(
instructions: readonly Instruction[],
): Promise {
const { value: lifetime } = await client.solanaRpc
.getLatestBlockhash()
.send();
const signed = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(
pipe(
createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
(message) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(feePayer, message),
(message) =>
setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(lifetime, message),
(message) =>
appendTransactionMessageInstructions(instructions, message),
),
);
assertIsTransactionWithBlockhashLifetime(signed);
await sendTransaction(signed, { commitment: "confirmed" });
const signature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signed);
const slot = await client.confirmTransaction(signature);
return { signature, slot };
};
}
```
* Le SDK renvoie des instructions. L'application les signe et les envoie.
* `sendAndConfirmFactory` construit une transaction Kit, la soumet et renvoie la signature ainsi que le slot arrivé.
```typescript theme={"system"}
import { SOL_MINT } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
import { transactInstruction } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/interface";
import {
ConfidentialTransfer,
ProofInputUtxo,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/transaction";
import { sendAndConfirmFactory } from "../src/lib.js";
const sendAndConfirm = sendAndConfirmFactory(
client,
senderSigner,
);
const transferUtxo = depositBalance.utxos[0]!;
const transferInput =
ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair(
transferUtxo,
senderKeypair,
);
const transfer = new ConfidentialTransfer(
senderAddress,
[transferInput],
senderSigner.address,
);
transfer.send(
recipient,
SOL_MINT,
TRANSFER_AMOUNT,
);
const transferProofInputs = transfer.sign(
senderKeypair,
assets,
);
const transferData = await client.proveTransact(
transferProofInputs,
);
const transferInstruction = transactInstruction(
{
payer: senderSigner,
inputTree: client.tree,
outputTree: client.tree,
data: transferData,
},
);
const transferTx = await sendAndConfirm([
transferInstruction,
]);
```
```typescript theme={"system"}
import { transactInstruction } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/interface";
import {
ConfidentialTransfer,
ProofInputUtxo,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/transaction";
import { sendAndConfirmFactory } from "../src/lib.js";
const sendAndConfirm = sendAndConfirmFactory(
client,
senderSigner,
);
const transferUtxo = depositBalance.utxos[0]!;
const transferInput =
ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair(
transferUtxo,
senderKeypair,
);
const transfer = new ConfidentialTransfer(
senderAddress,
[transferInput],
senderSigner.address,
);
transfer.send(
recipient,
spl.mint,
TRANSFER_AMOUNT,
);
const transferProofInputs = transfer.sign(
senderKeypair,
assets,
);
const transferData = await client.proveTransact(
transferProofInputs,
);
const transferInstruction = transactInstruction(
{
payer: senderSigner,
inputTree: client.tree,
outputTree: client.tree,
data: transferData,
},
);
const transferTx = await sendAndConfirm([
transferInstruction,
]);
```
```typescript theme={"system"}
import { SOL_MINT } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
const transferUtxo = depositBalance.utxos[0]!;
```
* L'exemple dépense le compte de token Solana privé créé par le dépôt précédent. Un transfert peut dépenser plusieurs UTXOs.
* `transferUtxo` sélectionne un compte de token Solana privé à partir de ce solde.
```typescript theme={"system"}
import { ProofInputUtxo } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/transaction";
const transferInput =
ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair(
transferUtxo,
senderKeypair,
);
```
* `ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair` prépare l'UTXO sélectionné comme entrée de preuve avec la clé privée du portefeuille de l'expéditeur.
* La paire de clés dérive le nullificateur qui marque l'UTXO d'entrée comme dépensé alors que l'actif et le montant restent chiffrés.
```typescript theme={"system"}
import { SOL_MINT } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
import { ConfidentialTransfer } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/transaction";
const transfer = new ConfidentialTransfer(
senderAddress,
[transferInput],
senderSigner.address,
);
transfer.send(
recipient,
SOL_MINT,
TRANSFER_AMOUNT,
);
const transferProofInputs = transfer.sign(
senderKeypair,
assets,
);
```
* `senderAddress` est l'adresse masquée de l'expéditeur. Le transfert se fait à partir de ce portefeuille.
* `[transferInput]` répertorie les UTXOs sélectionnés de l'expéditeur. Un transfert peut dépenser plusieurs UTXOs.
* `senderSigner.address` est l'adresse Solana du payeur des frais. Un sponsor de gaz peut remplir ce rôle pour un transfert confidentiel.
* `recipient` est l'adresse masquée du destinataire. La sortie transférée est chiffrée pour la clé d'observation du destinataire.
* `SOL_MINT` sélectionne SOL. Un transfert SPL ou Token 2022 passe la frappe de token.
* `TRANSFER_AMOUNT` est exprimé dans les unités de base de l'actif. SOL utilise des lamports. Les actifs SPL et Token 2022 utilisent les unités de base du token.
* `transfer.sign` autorise la transition d'état, chiffre l'actif et le montant et produit les entrées pour le prouveur de connaissance zéro.
* `assets` est le registre des actifs utilisé pour résoudre les actifs privés pris en charge.
```typescript theme={"system"}
import { createZolanaClient } from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
const transferData = await client.proveTransact(
transferProofInputs,
);
```
* `client.proveTransact` génère la preuve de connaissance zéro à partir du transfert signé et renvoie les données d'instruction sérialisées.
* La preuve démontre que l'expéditeur possède et peut dépenser les entrées sans révéler l'actif ou le montant chiffré.
```typescript theme={"system"}
import { transactInstruction } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/interface";
const transferInstruction = transactInstruction(
{
payer: senderSigner,
inputTree: client.tree,
outputTree: client.tree,
data: transferData,
},
);
```
* `payer` signe et paie pour la transaction Solana. Un sponsor de gaz peut remplir ce rôle pour un transfert confidentiel.
* `inputTree` et `outputTree` sont `client.tree`, l'arbre Merkle d'état qui contient les UTXOs dépensés et reçoit la sortie du destinataire et la modification de l'expéditeur.
* `data` contient la preuve de connaissance zéro et les sorties chiffrées produites à l'étape précédente.
* Un transfert privé déplace l'actif uniquement entre des soldes privés. Il ne passe pas par des comptes Solana publics ou des comptes de token.
```typescript theme={"system"}
import { sendAndConfirmFactory } from "../src/lib.js";
const transferTx = await sendAndConfirm([
transferInstruction,
]);
```
* `sendAndConfirm` signe et soumet `transferInstruction` comme une transaction Solana.
* La confirmation produit le slot arrivé utilisé pour limiter la récupération de l'indexeur.
### Exemple de code complet
Cloner et exécuter l'exemple :
```bash theme={"system"}
git clone https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana-examples.git
cd zolana-examples/typescript-client
pnpm install
pnpm example examples/deposit_transfer_withdraw.ts
```
Les exemples utilisent un anneau confidentiel sur local/devnet [ici](https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana-examples/blob/main/typescript-client/examples/deposit_transfer_withdraw.ts).
```typescript deposit_transfer_withdraw.ts expandable theme={"system"}
import {
SOL_MINT,
createZolanaClient,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana";
import { atSlot } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/client";
import {
depositInstruction,
transactInstruction,
DepositAsset,
TransactWithdrawal,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/interface";
import { randomBlinding } from "@heliuslabs/zolana/keypair";
import {
AssetRegistry,
ConfidentialTransfer,
ProofInputUtxo,
decryptToBalances,
WithdrawalTarget,
} from "@heliuslabs/zolana/transaction";
import {
sendAndConfirmFactory,
setup,
} from "../src/lib.js";
const DEPOSIT_AMOUNT = 1_000_000_000n;
const TRANSFER_AMOUNT = 300_000_000n;
const WITHDRAW_AMOUNT = 300_000_000n;
async function main(): Promise {
const {
sender: senderKeypair,
recipient: recipientKeypair,
clientConfig,
} = await setup();
// Connect to Helius devnet RPC plus the Photon indexer and prover.
const client =
await createZolanaClient(clientConfig);
// Initialize the sender's private wallet and local authority
// to decrypt transactions and sync balances.
// The Solana signer and private wallet are derived from the same Ed25519 seed.
const senderSigner =
senderKeypair.toSolanaSigner();
const senderAddress =
senderKeypair.shieldedAddress();
const recipient =
recipientKeypair.shieldedAddress();
// The SDK hands back instructions; the app owns signing and sending.
const sendAndConfirm = sendAndConfirmFactory(
client,
senderSigner,
);
// Mints that are registered with Solana Rings for privacy.
const assets = new AssetRegistry();
// Deposit SOL into the sender's private balance.
// A deposit from a public balance reveals
// sender, recipient, asset and amount.
// Alternatively, you can onramp fiat directly to a private balance.
// 1. Move public SOL into the sender's private balance.
// The view tag is the sender's Solana public key in confidential rings.
// Used by the indexer to fetch the sender's UTXOs.
const senderViewTag =
senderAddress.confidentialViewTag();
const depositIx = await depositInstruction({
tree: client.tree,
depositor: senderSigner,
deposits: [
{
asset: DepositAsset.sol(),
viewTag: senderViewTag,
recipientOwnerHash:
senderAddress.ownerHash(),
blinding: randomBlinding(),
amount: DEPOSIT_AMOUNT,
},
],
});
// 2. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; confirmation yields the landed slot.
const depositTx = await sendAndConfirm([
depositIx,
]);
// 3. Fetch transaction outputs from the indexer, gated on the deposit's slot.
// The indexer returns encrypted outputs by view tag.
const depositResponse =
await client.getShieldedTransactionsByTags(
{ tags: [senderViewTag] },
atSlot(depositTx.slot),
);
// 4. The sender decrypts the transaction outputs locally to read the private balance.
const balancesAfterDeposit =
await decryptToBalances({
keypair: senderKeypair,
registry: assets,
transactions: depositResponse.transactions,
});
const depositBalance =
balancesAfterDeposit.balance(SOL_MINT);
if (depositBalance.amount !== DEPOSIT_AMOUNT) {
throw new Error(
`expected deposit amount ${DEPOSIT_AMOUNT}, got ${depositBalance.amount}`,
);
}
if (depositBalance.utxos.length !== 1) {
throw new Error(
`expected 1 deposit utxo, got ${depositBalance.utxos.length}`,
);
}
// Confidential SOL transfer to the recipient's private balance.
// A confidential transfer reveals only sender and recipient,
// not the asset or amount.
// 1. Select private token accounts (UTXOs) that make up the private balance for the transfer.
const transferUtxo = depositBalance.utxos[0]!;
// 2. Prepare the selected UTXOs as inputs for the zero-knowledge proof.
const transferInput =
ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair(
transferUtxo,
senderKeypair,
);
// 3. Build and sign the confidential transfer.
// Signing encrypts the asset and amount and produces the proof inputs for the ZK prover.
const transfer = new ConfidentialTransfer(
senderAddress,
[transferInput],
senderSigner.address,
);
transfer.send(
recipient,
SOL_MINT,
TRANSFER_AMOUNT,
);
const transferProofInputs = transfer.sign(
senderKeypair,
assets,
);
// 4. Fetch the ZK proof to prove the sender can spend the balance without revealing asset and amount.
const transferData = await client.proveTransact(
transferProofInputs,
);
// 5. Build the instruction with the state Merkle tree and Solana accounts required for the transfer.
// Private transfers move balances only between private token accounts, not public token accounts.
const transferInstruction = transactInstruction(
{
payer: senderSigner,
inputTree: client.tree,
outputTree: client.tree,
data: transferData,
},
);
// 6. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; confirmation yields the landed slot.
const transferTx = await sendAndConfirm([
transferInstruction,
]);
// 7. Fetch the sender's UTXOs again, gated on the transfer's slot,
// and read the remaining private balance.
const transferResponse =
await client.getShieldedTransactionsByTags(
{ tags: [senderViewTag] },
atSlot(transferTx.slot),
);
const balancesAfterTransfer =
await decryptToBalances({
keypair: senderKeypair,
registry: assets,
transactions: transferResponse.transactions,
});
const transferBalance =
balancesAfterTransfer.balance(SOL_MINT);
if (
transferBalance.amount !==
DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT
) {
throw new Error(
`expected remaining amount ${DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT}, got ${transferBalance.amount}`,
);
}
if (transferBalance.utxos.length !== 1) {
throw new Error(
`expected 1 transfer utxo, got ${transferBalance.utxos.length}`,
);
}
// Withdraw SOL from the sender's private balance to their public balance.
// A withdrawal reveals the sender, recipient, asset, and amount.
// 1. Select private token accounts (UTXOs) that make up the private balance for the withdrawal.
const withdrawalUtxo =
transferBalance.utxos[0]!;
// 2. Prepare the selected UTXOs as inputs for the zero-knowledge proof.
const withdrawalInput =
ProofInputUtxo.fromKeypair(
withdrawalUtxo,
senderKeypair,
);
// 3. Build and sign the private-to-public withdrawal.
// Signing encrypts the asset and amount of the remaining private balance
// and produces the proof inputs for the ZK prover.
const withdrawal = new ConfidentialTransfer(
senderAddress,
[withdrawalInput],
senderSigner.address,
);
withdrawal.withdraw(
SOL_MINT,
WITHDRAW_AMOUNT,
WithdrawalTarget.sol({
recipient: senderSigner.address,
}),
);
const withdrawalProofInputs = withdrawal.sign(
senderKeypair,
assets,
);
// 4. Fetch the ZK proof to prove the sender can spend the balance.
const withdrawalData =
await client.proveTransact(
withdrawalProofInputs,
);
// 5. Build the instruction with the state Merkle tree and Solana accounts required for the withdrawal.
const withdrawalInstruction =
transactInstruction({
payer: senderSigner,
inputTree: client.tree,
outputTree: client.tree,
withdrawal: TransactWithdrawal.sol({
recipient: senderSigner.address,
}),
data: withdrawalData,
});
// 6. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; confirmation yields the landed slot.
const withdrawalTx = await sendAndConfirm([
withdrawalInstruction,
]);
// 7. Fetch the sender's UTXOs again, gated on the withdrawal's slot,
// and read the remaining private balance.
const withdrawalResponse =
await client.getShieldedTransactionsByTags(
{ tags: [senderViewTag] },
atSlot(withdrawalTx.slot),
);
const balancesAfterWithdrawal =
await decryptToBalances({
keypair: senderKeypair,
registry: assets,
transactions:
withdrawalResponse.transactions,
});
const withdrawalBalance =
balancesAfterWithdrawal.balance(SOL_MINT);
if (
withdrawalBalance.amount !==
DEPOSIT_AMOUNT -
TRANSFER_AMOUNT -
WITHDRAW_AMOUNT
) {
throw new Error(
`expected remaining amount ${DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT - WITHDRAW_AMOUNT}, got ${withdrawalBalance.amount}`,
);
}
if (withdrawalBalance.utxos.length !== 1) {
throw new Error(
`expected 1 withdrawal utxo, got ${withdrawalBalance.utxos.length}`,
);
}
// 8. Read remaining private balance and the public balance.
const solanaBalance = await client.getBalance(
senderSigner.address,
);
console.log(
`withdraw private_balance=${withdrawalBalance.amount} ` +
`solana_balance=${solanaBalance} tx=${withdrawalTx.signature}`,
);
}
await main();
```
### Prérequis
The Rust examples require the latest stable Rust toolchain and the Solana CLI v4.0.2. See the [Solana installation guide](https://solana.com/docs/intro/installation).
```toml Cargo.toml theme={"system"}
[dependencies]
zolana-client = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.1.0-alpha", features = ["indexer-api", "solana-rpc"] }
zolana-interface = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.1.0-alpha", features = ["solana"] }
zolana-keypair = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.1.0-alpha" }
zolana-transaction = { git = "https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana", tag = "v0.1.0-alpha" }
```
Source: [sdk-libs/client](https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana/tree/v0.1.0-alpha/sdk-libs/client)
Add a [Helius API key](https://dashboard.helius.dev/):
```bash .env theme={"system"}
API_KEY=YOUR_API_KEY
ZOLANA_PAYER_KEYPAIR=~/.config/solana/id.json
```
```rust theme={"system"}
use solana_address::Address;
use zolana_client::{SolanaRpc, ZolanaClient};
use zolana_interface::DEFAULT_TREE_ADDRESS;
let tree: Address = DEFAULT_TREE_ADDRESS.parse()?;
let client = ZolanaClient::from_urls_allowing_insecure_http(
SolanaRpc::new("https://devnet.helius-rpc.com/?api-key=YOUR_API_KEY"),
"http://zolnet-devnet-1779374825.eu-north-1.elb.amazonaws.com",
"http://zolnet-devnet-1779374825.eu-north-1.elb.amazonaws.com:3001",
tree,
);
```
The examples use the Solana CLI wallet as the payer by default. The payer must hold devnet SOL. See [How to Get Devnet SOL](/docs/rpc/devnet-sol).
```bash theme={"system"}
cargo install --git https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana --tag v0.1.0-alpha zolana-cli
zolana dev start
```
```rust theme={"system"}
use solana_address::Address;
use zolana_client::{SolanaRpc, ZolanaClient};
use zolana_interface::DEFAULT_TREE_ADDRESS;
let tree: Address = DEFAULT_TREE_ADDRESS.parse()?;
let client = ZolanaClient::from_urls(
SolanaRpc::new("http://127.0.0.1:8899"),
"http://127.0.0.1:8784",
"http://127.0.0.1:3001",
tree,
)?;
```
### Transférer vers un solde privé
```rust theme={"system"}
use zolana_interface::instruction::Transact;
use zolana_transaction::{
instructions::{
transact::ConfidentialTransfer,
types::SppProofInputUtxo,
},
SOL_MINT,
};
let transfer_utxo = sender_balances_after_deposit
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.and_then(|balance| balance.utxos.first())
.expect("failed to fetch deposited utxo")
.clone();
let transfer_input_utxo = SppProofInputUtxo::new(transfer_utxo, &sender);
let mut transfer = ConfidentialTransfer::new(
sender_shielded_address,
vec![transfer_input_utxo],
sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
);
transfer.send(&recipient_address, SOL_MINT, TRANSFER_AMOUNT)?;
// SPL: transfer.send(&recipient_address, spl.mint, TRANSFER_AMOUNT)?;
let proof_inputs = transfer.sign(&sender, &assets)?;
let transfer_data = client.prove_transact(tree, proof_inputs, None)?;
let transfer_ix = Transact {
payer: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
input_tree: tree,
output_tree: tree,
owner_signers: Vec::new(),
interface_transfer_accounts: Vec::new(),
data: transfer_data,
}
.instruction();
```
```rust theme={"system"}
use zolana_transaction::SOL_MINT;
let transfer_utxo = sender_balances_after_deposit
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.and_then(|balance| balance.utxos.first())
.expect("failed to fetch deposited utxo")
.clone();
```
* L'exemple dépense le compte de token Solana privé créé par le dépôt précédent. Un transfert peut dépenser plusieurs UTXOs.
* `transfer_utxo` est le premier UTXO dépensable pour cet actif. Le commentaire `// SPL:` montre `get_balance(spl.mint)`.
```rust theme={"system"}
use zolana_transaction::instructions::types::SppProofInputUtxo;
let transfer_input_utxo = SppProofInputUtxo::new(transfer_utxo, &sender);
```
* `SppProofInputUtxo::new` prépare l'UTXO sélectionné comme entrée de preuve avec la clé privée du portefeuille de l'expéditeur.
* La paire de clés dérive le nullificateur qui marque l'UTXO d'entrée comme dépensé alors que l'actif et le montant restent chiffrés.
```rust theme={"system"}
use zolana_transaction::{
instructions::transact::ConfidentialTransfer,
SOL_MINT,
};
let mut transfer = ConfidentialTransfer::new(
sender_shielded_address,
vec![transfer_input_utxo],
sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
);
transfer.send(&recipient_address, SOL_MINT, TRANSFER_AMOUNT)?;
// SPL: transfer.send(&recipient_address, spl.mint, TRANSFER_AMOUNT)?;
let proof_inputs = transfer.sign(&sender, &assets)?;
```
* `sender_shielded_address` est l'adresse masquée de l'expéditeur. Le transfert se fait à partir de ce portefeuille.
* `vec![transfer_input_utxo]` répertorie les UTXOs sélectionnés de l'expéditeur. Un transfert peut dépenser plusieurs UTXOs.
* `sender_solana_keypair.pubkey()` est le payeur des frais de transaction. Un sponsor de gaz peut remplir ce rôle pour un transfert confidentiel.
* `recipient_address` est l'adresse masquée du destinataire. La sortie transférée est chiffrée pour la clé d'observation du destinataire.
* `SOL_MINT` sélectionne SOL. Le commentaire `// SPL:` montre la frappe de token pour les actifs SPL et Token 2022.
* `TRANSFER_AMOUNT` est exprimé dans les unités de base de l'actif. SOL utilise des lamports. Les actifs SPL et Token 2022 utilisent les unités de base du token.
* `transfer.sign` autorise la transition d'état, chiffre l'actif et le montant et produit les entrées pour le prouveur de connaissance zéro.
* `assets` est le registre des actifs utilisé pour résoudre les actifs privés pris en charge.
```rust theme={"system"}
use zolana_client::Rpc;
let transfer_data = client.prove_transact(tree, proof_inputs, None)?;
```
* `client.prove_transact` génère la preuve de connaissance zéro à partir du transfert signé et renvoie les données d'instruction sérialisées.
* `tree` identifie l'arbre Merkle d'état dont la racine est utilisée pour prouver l'appartenance des UTXOs d'entrée.
* La preuve démontre que l'expéditeur possède et peut dépenser les entrées sans révéler l'actif ou le montant chiffré.
```rust theme={"system"}
use zolana_interface::instruction::Transact;
let transfer_ix = Transact {
payer: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
input_tree: tree,
output_tree: tree,
owner_signers: Vec::new(),
interface_transfer_accounts: Vec::new(),
data: transfer_data,
}
.instruction();
```
* `payer` signe et paie pour la transaction Solana. Un sponsor de gaz peut remplir ce rôle pour un transfert confidentiel.
* `input_tree` identifie l'arbre Merkle d'état qui contient les UTXOs dépensés.
* `output_tree` identifie l'arbre Merkle d'état qui reçoit les engagements à la sortie du destinataire et à la modification de l'expéditeur.
* `interface_transfer_accounts` est vide car un transfert privé déplace l'actif uniquement entre des soldes privés et n'interagit pas avec les soldes publics dans les comptes Solana ou les comptes de token.
* `owner_signers` est vide pour ce transfert confidentiel.
* `data` contient la preuve de connaissance zéro et les sorties chiffrées produites à l'étape précédente.
```rust theme={"system"}
use zolana_client::Rpc;
let signature = client.create_and_send_transaction(
&[transfer_ix],
sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
&[&sender_solana_keypair],
)?;
let slot = landed_slot(&client, signature)?;
```
* `create_and_send_transaction` signe et soumet `transfer_ix` comme une transaction Solana.
* `landed_slot` lit le slot de confirmation utilisé pour limiter la récupération de l'indexeur.
* `sender_solana_keypair` paie les frais et autorise le transfert.
### Exemple de code complet
Cloner et exécuter l'exemple :
```bash theme={"system"}
git clone https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana-examples.git
cd zolana-examples/rust-client
cargo run -p rust-client-example --example deposit_transfer_withdraw
```
Les exemples utilisent un anneau confidentiel sur local/devnet [ici](https://github.com/helius-labs/zolana-examples/blob/main/rust-client/examples/deposit_transfer_withdraw.rs).
```rust deposit_transfer_withdraw.rs expandable theme={"system"}
use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
use rust_client_example::{setup, SetupContext};
use solana_signature::Signature;
use solana_signer::Signer;
use zolana_client::{IndexerRpcConfig, Rpc, SolanaRpc, ZolanaClient};
use zolana_interface::instruction::{
AssetDeposit, Deposit, DepositAsset, Transact, TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts,
TransactSolTransferAccounts,
};
use zolana_keypair::random_blinding;
use zolana_transaction::{
decrypt_transactions,
instructions::{
transact::{ConfidentialTransfer, SettlementTarget},
types::SppProofInputUtxo,
},
AssetRegistry, SOL_MINT,
};
const DEPOSIT_AMOUNT: u64 = 1_000_000_000;
const TRANSFER_AMOUNT: u64 = 300_000_000;
const WITHDRAW_AMOUNT: u64 = 300_000_000;
fn main() -> Result<()> {
let SetupContext {
rpc_url,
indexer_url,
prover_url,
tree,
sender,
recipient_address,
} = setup()?;
// Load the funded fee payer and devnet settings, then connect.
// Photon and the prover are HTTP on this ALB, so the constructor permits that.
let client = ZolanaClient::from_urls_allowing_insecure_http(
SolanaRpc::new(rpc_url),
&indexer_url,
prover_url,
tree,
);
// Mints that are registered with Solana Rings for privacy.
let assets = AssetRegistry::default();
// SPL: assets.insert(spl.asset_id, spl.mint)?;
// Initialize the sender's private wallet and local authority
// to decrypt transactions and sync balances.
// The Solana signer and private wallet are derived from the same Ed25519 seed.
let sender_solana_keypair = sender.to_solana_keypair()?;
let sender_shielded_address = sender.shielded_address()?;
// Deposit SOL into the sender's private balance.
// A deposit from a public balance reveals
// sender, recipient, asset and amount.
// Alternatively, you can onramp fiat directly to a private balance.
// 1. Move public SOL into the sender's private balance.
let sender_balances_after_deposit = {
let deposit_ix = Deposit {
tree,
depositor: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
deposits: vec![AssetDeposit {
asset: DepositAsset::Sol,
// SPL: asset: DepositAsset::Spl(zolana_interface::instruction::DepositSplAccounts {
// SPL: mint: spl.mint,
// SPL: user_token: spl.user_token_account,
// SPL: token_program: spl.token_program,
// SPL: }),
view_tag: sender_shielded_address.confidential_view_tag()?,
owner: sender_shielded_address.owner_hash()?,
blinding: random_blinding(),
amount: DEPOSIT_AMOUNT,
utxo_data: None,
memo: None,
}],
}
.instruction()?;
// 2. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; the landed slot gates
// the indexer fetch below.
let signature = client.create_and_send_transaction(
&[deposit_ix],
sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
&[&sender_solana_keypair],
)?;
let slot = landed_slot(&client, signature)?;
// 3. Fetch transaction outputs from the indexer, gated on the deposit's slot.
// The indexer returns encrypted outputs by view tag, the sender's public key in Confidential Rings.
let sender_tag = sender_shielded_address.confidential_view_tag()?;
let response = client.get_shielded_transactions_by_tags(
vec![sender_tag],
None,
Some(50),
Some(IndexerRpcConfig::at_slot(slot)),
)?;
// 4. The sender decrypts the transaction outputs locally to update the private balance.
let balances = decrypt_transactions(&sender, &response.transactions, &assets)
.map_err(|e| anyhow!("decrypt sender transactions: {e:?}"))?;
let sender_balance = balances
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo");
assert_eq!(sender_balance.amount, DEPOSIT_AMOUNT);
assert_eq!(sender_balance.utxos.len(), 1);
balances
};
// Confidential SOL transfer to the recipient's private balance.
// A confidential transfer reveals only sender and recipient,
// not the asset or amount.
let sender_balances_after_transfer = {
// 1. Select UTXOs that make up the private balance for the transfer.
let transfer_utxo = sender_balances_after_deposit
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.and_then(|balance| balance.utxos.first())
.expect("failed to fetch deposited utxo")
.clone();
// 2. Prepare the selected UTXOs as inputs for the zero-knowledge proof.
let transfer_input_utxo = SppProofInputUtxo::new(transfer_utxo, &sender);
// 3. Build and sign the confidential transfer.
// Signing encrypts the asset and amount and produces the proof inputs for the ZK prover.
let mut transfer = ConfidentialTransfer::new(
sender_shielded_address,
vec![transfer_input_utxo],
sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
);
transfer.send(&recipient_address, SOL_MINT, TRANSFER_AMOUNT)?;
// SPL: transfer.send(&recipient_address, spl.mint, TRANSFER_AMOUNT)?;
let proof_inputs = transfer.sign(&sender, &assets)?;
// 4. Fetch the zk proof to prove the sender can spend the balance without revealing asset and amount.
let transfer_data = client.prove_transact(tree, proof_inputs, None)?;
// 5. Construct the instruction.
let transfer_ix = Transact {
payer: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
input_tree: tree,
output_tree: tree,
owner_signers: Vec::new(),
interface_transfer_accounts: Vec::new(),
data: transfer_data,
}
.instruction();
// 6. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction; confirmation yields the landed slot.
let signature = client.create_and_send_transaction(
&[transfer_ix],
sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
&[&sender_solana_keypair],
)?;
let slot = landed_slot(&client, signature)?;
// 7. Sync the sender's wallet, gated on the transfer's slot, and read
// the remaining private balance.
let sender_tag = sender_shielded_address.confidential_view_tag()?;
let response = client.get_shielded_transactions_by_tags(
vec![sender_tag],
None,
Some(50),
Some(IndexerRpcConfig::at_slot(slot)),
)?;
let sender_balances = decrypt_transactions(&sender, &response.transactions, &assets)
.map_err(|e| anyhow!("decrypt sender transactions: {e:?}"))?;
let sender_balance = sender_balances
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo");
assert_eq!(sender_balance.amount, DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT);
assert_eq!(sender_balance.utxos.len(), 1);
sender_balances
};
// Withdraw SOL back to the sender's public balance.
// A withdrawal from a confidential balance reveals
// sender, recipient, asset and amount.
{
// 1. Select UTXOs that make up the private balance for the withdrawal.
let withdrawal_utxo = sender_balances_after_transfer
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.and_then(|balance| balance.utxos.first())
.expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo")
.clone();
// 2. Prepare the selected UTXOs as inputs for the zero-knowledge proof.
let withdrawal_input_utxo = SppProofInputUtxo::new(withdrawal_utxo, &sender);
// 3. Build and sign the confidential withdrawal.
// Signing encrypts the private change and produces the ZK prover inputs.
let mut withdrawal = ConfidentialTransfer::new(
sender_shielded_address,
vec![withdrawal_input_utxo],
sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
);
withdrawal.withdraw(
SOL_MINT,
WITHDRAW_AMOUNT,
SettlementTarget::Sol {
user_sol_account: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
},
)?;
// SPL: withdrawal.withdraw(
// SPL: spl.mint,
// SPL: WITHDRAW_AMOUNT,
// SPL: SettlementTarget::Spl {
// SPL: user_spl_token: spl.user_token_account,
// SPL: spl_token_interface: spl.vault,
// SPL: },
// SPL: )?;
let proof_inputs = withdrawal.sign(&sender, &assets)?;
// 4. Fetch the ZK proof to prove the sender can spend the balance.
let withdrawal_data = client.prove_transact(tree, proof_inputs, None)?;
// 5. Combine the proof and withdrawal accounts in a single instruction.
let withdraw_ix = Transact {
payer: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
input_tree: tree,
output_tree: tree,
owner_signers: Vec::new(),
interface_transfer_accounts: vec![TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts::Sol(
TransactSolTransferAccounts {
recipient: sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
},
)],
// SPL: interface_transfer_accounts: vec![
// SPL: TransactInterfaceTransferAccounts::SplWithdrawal(
// SPL: zolana_interface::instruction::TransactSplWithdrawalAccounts {
// SPL: mint: spl.mint,
// SPL: vault: spl.vault,
// SPL: user_token_account: spl.user_token_account,
// SPL: token_program: spl.token_program,
// SPL: },
// SPL: ),
// SPL: ],
data: withdrawal_data,
}
.instruction();
// 6. Send and confirm like any Solana transaction.
let signature = client.create_and_send_transaction(
&[withdraw_ix],
sender_solana_keypair.pubkey(),
&[&sender_solana_keypair],
)?;
let slot = landed_slot(&client, signature)?;
// 7. Sync the sender's wallet, gated on the withdrawal's slot, and read
// the remaining private balance.
let sender_tag = sender_shielded_address.confidential_view_tag()?;
let response = client.get_shielded_transactions_by_tags(
vec![sender_tag],
None,
Some(50),
Some(IndexerRpcConfig::at_slot(slot)),
)?;
let sender_balances = decrypt_transactions(&sender, &response.transactions, &assets)
.map_err(|e| anyhow!("decrypt sender transactions: {e:?}"))?;
let sender_balance = sender_balances
.get_balance(SOL_MINT)
// SPL: .get_balance(spl.mint)
.expect("failed to fetch sender's utxo");
assert_eq!(
sender_balance.amount,
DEPOSIT_AMOUNT - TRANSFER_AMOUNT - WITHDRAW_AMOUNT
);
assert_eq!(sender_balance.utxos.len(), 1);
// 8. Read remaining private balance and the public SOL balance.
let solana_balance = client.get_balance(sender_solana_keypair.pubkey())?;
println!("withdraw solana_balance={solana_balance} tx={signature}");
// SPL: println!(
// SPL: "withdraw user_token={} tx={signature}",
// SPL: spl.user_token_account,
// SPL: );
}
Ok(())
}
/// Slot the confirmed transaction landed in, which drives the indexer
/// freshness gate on the fetches that read the transaction back.
fn landed_slot(client: &ZolanaClient, signature: Signature) -> Result {
client
.get_signature_statuses(vec![signature])?
.first()
.and_then(|status| status.as_ref())
.map(|status| status.slot)
.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("transaction status missing after confirmation"))
}
```
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